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Currently, the development of portable devices to detect traces of chemical species by real time monitoring is a highly topical research area in the chemical sciences. Indeed, the lowering of standards for pollutants in drinking water requires the development of new technologies and devices. In this context, gated sensory nanoparticle systems for selective and sensitive recognition of targets such as heavy metal ions, small molecules or oligonucleotides are excellent candidates[1,2]. Provided that such sensory delivery systems are highly porous nanoparticles loaded with indicator dyes and capped with bulky stoppers that can be uncapped only by the designated analyte, an integration with a microfluidic tubing system designed for droplet-assisted liquid-liquid extraction enable separation of released from still particle-confined dye by phase-transfer extraction and subsequent selective detection by fluorescence. The incorporation in a simple microfluidic tubing system is an innovative way towards the realization of a sensor for trace analysis of target molecules in real time.
Because of the globally increasing prevalence of diabetes, the need for accurate, efficient and at best miniaturized automated analytical systems for sugar detection is still urgent. The development of molecular probes for sugar based on boronic acid receptors1 offers an excellent alternative to the kinetically slow enzyme-based sugar sensors. Moreover, by coupling such chelating units with rhodamines, fluorescein or BODIPY moieties, colorimetric and/or highly fluorescent sugar sensing schemes can be obtained.2 In this work, a boronic acid-functionalized BODIPY probe is described; it binds selectivity to fructose's adjacent diols to form cyclic boronate esters in partially aqueous solutions, with a broad pH range compatibility and a sensitivity in the micromolar range. To enhance the applicability of the fluorometric test in the sense described above, integration with a microfluidic sensor was achieved. The miniaturization of chemical analysis systems yields many functional and economical benefits such as low cost, ease of use, high stability and good portability. With similar selectivity and sensitivity, fructose was detected by fluorescence in real time in the chip, and an assay for the straightforward detection of sugar in sodas was achieved.
A novel synthetic strategy toward highly fluorinated BODIPY dyes with exceptional photostabilities relying on sustainable gold catalysis has been developed. A key to the tailored pyrrole precursors is the gold catalysis performed in ionic liquids as the reaction medium, allowing a facile recycling of the catalysts. The dyes prepared are well-matching with the spectral windows of popular rhodamine dyes and possess high brightness while showing a distinctly higher photostability than the rhodamines especially in aprotic solvents.