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Determination of pentachlorphenol (PCP) in waste wood - method comparison by a collaborative trial
(2002)
Two independently developed and validated procedures for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in waste wood were compared by means of a collaborative trial. Both methods foresee quantification of PCP by gas chromatography (GC-ECD) after acetylation and differ with regard to the use of methanol or toluene/sulphuric acid, respectively, as solvent in the sonication extraction step. Test samples with established analyte homogeneity were prepared from a ground real life starting material. A total of 23 participating laboratories with experience in wood preservative analysis were instructed to apply both methods to three levels of content in the range of 0.520 mg PCP/kg. In case of the toluene/sulphuric acid extraction, lower recoveries and higher interlaboratory dispersion of results at the higher PCP contents were observed. Seen against the background of the Horwitz equation a reproducibility standard deviation of not, vert, similar19% for the methanol extraction at the 4.5 mg/kg level meets the requirement for a sound analytical method. Thus, the sonication extraction procedure with methanol has been annexed as a reference method to the German waste wood regulation.
Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen, die im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit der Fachhochschule Lausitz/Senftenberg an der BAM durchgeführt wurden, war ein Vergleich unterschiedlicher Extraktionsverfahren für die Bestimmung von extrahierbarem organischem Halogen (EOX) in Bodenproben. EOX ist ein für die rasche Bewertung der Organochlor- Belastung kontaminationsverdächtiger Flächen wertvoller Summenparameter, der sämtliche mit organischen Lösungsmittel extrahierbare Organohalogenverbindungen erfasst. Gegenwärtig existiert jedoch kein für die Bodenanalytik genormtes Verfahren für die Durchführung von EOX-Bestimmungen. Daher wird in der Praxis auf das für Schlämme und Sedimente entwickelte Verfahren nach DIN 38414 S17 (1990) zurückgegriffen, so auch in der Bundesbodenschutz- und Altlasten-Verordung (BBodSchV). Literaturangaben und Erfahrungen mit der Wiederfindungsrate polarer Extraktionsmittel und moderner Extraktionsverfahren bei Organochlorpestiziden, die eine bedeutende Quelle für EOX in Schlämmen und Böden darstellen, lassen vermuten, dass das genannte Normverfahren systematisch zu Unterbefunden neigen könnte. Für die Untersuchungen wurden an der BAM entwickelte Boden-Referenzmaterialien mit "natürlicher", über jahrzehntelangen Eintrag entstandener DDT- und Lindan-Belastung verwendet. Neben den klassischen Extraktionsverfahren nach Soxhlet kamen die ultraschallunterstützte Extraktion, die Mikrowellen- und die beschleunigte Lösungsmittelextraktion (ASE) jeweils mit Lösungsmitteln unterschiedlicher Polarität zum Einsatz. Extraktionsausbeuten und Wiederholpräzision der einzelnen Varianten wurden verglichen und vor dem Hintergrund der Ergebnisse unabhängiger Verfahren wie der gaschromatographischen Bestimmung der einzelnen Organochlorverbindungen bewertet. Die Polarität des Extraktionsmittels weist auch bei trockenen Böden den größten Einfluss auf die Extraktionsausbeuten der in den untersuchten Proben enthaltenen Organochlorverbindungen auf. Die Mischung Hexan/Aceton (1:1), die sich für die Extraktion verschiedener organischer Parameter bewährt hat, ist hinsichtlich der EOX-Analytik der existierenden Norm überlegen.
The role of matrix reference materials in the process of demonstrating the degree of equivalence of measurement results obtained from intercomparisons is outlined, reviewing exemplary selected experience gained at BAM regarding the determination of organic contaminants in environmental matrices.
The specific characteristics of reference materials employed in the process of demonstrating equivalence between laboratories in the course of proficiency testing as well as the development, comparison and validation of methods are elaborated. The demand is for series of appropriately characterised samples which are fit for the purpose and it is seen from representative examples that the utilisation of such tailor-made RM designed to tackle the specific need of an analytical problem dominates over certified matrix reference materials in this context. Concluding, the role of certified matrix reference materials in quality assurance is briefly looked at both from the users and providers points of view.
Zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamoylsulfinates have been proposed as intermediates in the antioxidant action of the respective zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamate additives in hydrocarbon-based plastics and lubricants. As a model compound, zinc diisobutyl dithiocarbamoylsulfinate, [Zn(C9H18NO2S2)2], has been prepared and its crystal structure determined.