Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (86)
- Posterpräsentation (23)
- Vortrag (19)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (18)
- Sonstiges (8)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (3)
- Forschungsbericht (3)
Schlagworte
- Boden (12)
- Eignungsprüfung (9)
- Interlaboratory comparison (9)
- MKW (9)
- Soil (9)
- Proficiency testing (8)
- Gesamtcyanid (7)
- PAK (7)
- Spurenelemente (7)
- PAH (6)
- Trace elements (6)
- Extraction (5)
- Gas chromatography (5)
- TPH (5)
- Analysis (4)
- Brominated flame retardant (4)
- Groundwater (4)
- HPLC-MS/MS (4)
- Microplastics (4)
- Mikroplastik (4)
- Ringversuch (4)
- Total cyanide (4)
- Breath (3)
- Chiral separation (3)
- Grundwasser (3)
- HBCD (3)
- Mass spectrometry (3)
- Referenzmaterialien (3)
- VOC (3)
- Volatile organic compounds (3)
- Volatilome (3)
- A549 (2)
- AOX (2)
- Abfall (2)
- Alcohol marker (2)
- Aniline (2)
- Certification (2)
- Certified reference materials (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Chloroanilines (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Diastereomers (2)
- Ethyl glucuronide (2)
- Flame retardant (2)
- Fortification (2)
- GC-FID (2)
- GC-MS (2)
- Hydroxylation (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- Long term stability (2)
- Lung cancer (2)
- Methylanilines (2)
- Micropulverization (2)
- Molecular dynamics (2)
- Organic pollutants (2)
- PCB (2)
- PLS-DA (2)
- Phenols (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Probenahme (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- Ringversuche (2)
- Sampling (2)
- Schwebstoffe (2)
- Sediment (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Solid phase microextraction (2)
- Sorption (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Summation parameter (2)
- Umweltanalytik (2)
- APCI (1)
- Absolute configuration (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Acrylamid (1)
- Active sampling (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Analysis and identification (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Anomalous dispersion (1)
- Anomeric configuration (1)
- Antioxidant properties (1)
- Arrhenius model (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- BFR (1)
- BPA (1)
- BTEX (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Benzenes (1)
- Beta-cyclodextrin (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Binding affinity (1)
- Bio test battery (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
- Biochar (1)
- Biofouling (1)
- Bioisomerization (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Bleaching (1)
- Bromierte Falmmschutzmittel (1)
- Brominated flame retardants (1)
- Bulk material (1)
- Böden (1)
- CEC-L-103 (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Calix[4]resorcinarenes (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chrom(VI) (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Chromium(VI) (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Conformational chirality (1)
- Contaminated site (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Copper-contaminated wood (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Cyanide (1)
- Cysteic acid (1)
- Cytochrom (1)
- Cytochrome P450 (1)
- Cytochromes (1)
- D-Glucuronic acid derivates (1)
- DEHP (1)
- DFA (1)
- Data-to-parameter ratio = 20.4 (1)
- Degradation of refrigerants (1)
- Derivatisation (1)
- Derivatisierung (1)
- Derivatization (1)
- Detection dog (1)
- Diffusionsprobe (1)
- Difluoressigsäure (1)
- Dithiocarbamate (1)
- Dithiopercarbamate (1)
- ERM (1)
- Einfluß (1)
- Eingnugsprüfung (1)
- Eluates (1)
- Elution order (1)
- Enantiomer fraction (1)
- Enantiomer-specific bioaccumulation (1)
- Enantiomer-specific determination (1)
- Enantiomeric fraction (1)
- Enantiomers (1)
- Equivalence (1)
- Equivalent carbon number (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- European reference material (1)
- European waste list (1)
- Europäische Normung (CEN) (1)
- External quality management (1)
- FTIR imaging (1)
- Fish feeding experiment (1)
- Flame ionization detection (1)
- Flame retardants (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Fluoroacetic acid (1)
- Food (1)
- Fuel (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Furfurals (1)
- GC (1)
- GC-AED (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GC/MS-MS (1)
- GCMS (1)
- Gaschromatographie (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Gaswork contaminated soil (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Groundwater monitoring (1)
- HBCDs (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HPLC-DAD (1)
- HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (1)
- HPLC-MS (1)
- HPLCMS/MS (1)
- Hair (1)
- Hair testing (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hexabromcyclododecan (1)
- High resolution NMR (1)
- High-throughput analysis (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Honey bees (1)
- Hydrocarbons (1)
- Hydrochar (1)
- Hydrogen bonded molecular capsule (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- IR spectrometry (1)
- In-situ-Sanierung (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- International intercomparison (1)
- Ion chromatography (1)
- Isoleucin (1)
- Isomerisation (1)
- Kalibrierstand (1)
- Kompetenzbewertung (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC/MS-MS (1)
- LHKW (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Lung cancer cell culture (1)
- Marker (1)
- Markov process (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Metabolism of HBCD (1)
- Metaboliten (1)
- Metal-organic complexes (1)
- Methane (1)
- Method development (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methodenvergleich (1)
- Metrology (1)
- Micropulverized extraction (1)
- Mineral oil (1)
- Mineralölkohlenwasserstoff (1)
- Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Minor isomers (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Molecular modeling (1)
- Molecular simulation (1)
- Municipal sludge (1)
- Municipial waste incineration ash (1)
- NPE (1)
- Nation metrology institutes (1)
- National law (1)
- Near Infrared Spectroscopy (1)
- Network (1)
- Odour discrimination task (1)
- Optical rotation (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organische Schadstoffe (1)
- Organohalogen compounds (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- PDB (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Pentachlorophenol (1)
- Persistent Organic Pollutant (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Phase I metabolism (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) (1)
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polypropylen Polystyrol (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Predicting sites of metabolism (1)
- Probe (1)
- Process water (1)
- Proficiency Testing (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Pulverization (1)
- Pumpprobe (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- QM (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Qualitätsmanagement (1)
- R factor = 0.043 (1)
- Rainwater (1)
- Raman imaging (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Rate matrix (1)
- Rearrangement (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Reference organisms (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Ring test (1)
- Ring test structure (1)
- SEC (1)
- SPME (1)
- Safety (1)
- Sample (1)
- Schadstoffaustrag (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Shelf life (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single-crystal X-ray study (1)
- Sniffer dogs (1)
- Society of hair testing (1)
- Software (1)
- Sonication (1)
- Stabilisation (1)
- Stabilisierung (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stakeholders (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Static headspace (1)
- Statistical thermodynamics (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Stereoisomerie (1)
- Support vector machines (1)
- Suspended organic matter (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthetic air (1)
- T = 273 K (1)
- TBBPA-dbpe (1)
- TED-GC-MS (1)
- TFA (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermische Verfahren (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thyroxin (1)
- Total organic carbon (1)
- Total petroleum hydrocarbons (1)
- Traceability (1)
- Trichloroethene (1)
- Trifluoressigsäure (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Urine (1)
- Vinyl chloride (1)
- Waste (1)
- Waste ecotoxicity (1)
- Waste legislation (1)
- Waste wood (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- X-ray (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray structure analyses (1)
- Zinc (1)
- dog training (1)
- herbs (1)
- reference materials, (1)
- scent dog (1)
- smell (1)
- training model (1)
- wR factor = 0.121 (1)
- Ökotoxikologie (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (23)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (23)
- 6 Materialchemie (6)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (5)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (4)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (3)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (3)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (2)
- 1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien (2)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (2)
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (19)
The total petrol hydrocarbon (TPH) content in soil is determined by gas chromatographic separation and flame ionisation detection according to ISO 16703 in routine laboratories for about 20 years. The development of the interlaboratory variability observed with this analytical procedure over 15 years in a proficiency testing scheme conducted annually with more than 170 participants is evaluated in detail. A significant improvement of the reproducibility standard deviation among participants is observed over the years and attributed to an increasing familiarity with the procedure. Nevertheless, the determination of TPH in the environmentally relevant mass fraction range between 500 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg in soils or sediments is far from reaching the reproducibility standard deviations predicted by the Horwitz curve. It is seen that laboratories with sporadic participation tend to report higher bias, while a core group of laboratories participating on a regular basis arrived at reproducibility standard deviations below 20 %. Results from a given laboratory obtained on two different samples tend to be highly correlated in the same PT round indicating a sound repeatability. Expectedly, the within-laboratory correlation between results from consecutive rounds was considerably lower. However, results from consecutive rounds with a temporal distance of 1, 2 or 3 years revealed largely similar correlations which suggests that the within-laboratory reproducibility adjusts to a constant level at least after a period of 1 year.
Ein Vergleich der Gehalte von Difluoressigsäure (DFA) und Trifluoressigsäure (TFA) in Regen- und Oberflächenwässern im Berliner Raum ergab ein TFA/DFA Verhältnis in Regenwasser von 10:1. Im Gegensatz dazu wies Grundwasser aus dem Einzugsbereich einer historischen Kontamination durch Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe (FCKW) ein TFA/DFA-Verhältnis von 1:3 auf. Dies und die ungewöhnlich hohe DFA-Konzentration an dieser Stelle wird vor dem Hintergrund der beobachteten mikrobiellen Abbauprodukte des ursprünglichen eingetragenen FCKW 1,1,2-Trichlor-1,2,2-trifluorethan (R113) diskutiert. Eine mikrobielle Umwandlung des bekannten Abbauproduktes Chlortrifluorethylen (R1113) zur DFA wurde bislang nicht in Umweltkompartimenten beobachtet und wird hier auf Basis bekannter Stoffwechselwege vorgeschlagen.
TFA wurde in Regenwasser, Oberflächenwasser und Grundwasser in vergleichbaren Größenordnungen von ca. 500 ng/L bestimmt. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde DFA in Grundwasserproben im Bereich der Schadstoffquelle der FCKW-Kontamination mit bis zu 2.000 ng/L nachgewiesen. Die Summe von TFA und DFA im Grundwasser korreliert nicht mit dem Eintrag aus Niederschlag und Oberflächenwasser. Darum liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass es für DFA andere Quellen als den direkten Eintrag oder den möglichen Abbauweg über TFA geben muss. DFA ist vermutlich ein Abbauprodukt von R1113. FCKWs, die im ersten Abbauschritt zu 1,1-Difluorethenen metabolisieren, stehen im Verdacht, in der Folge zu DFA zu hydrolysieren. Entscheidend scheint, dass bereits im Ausgangsprodukt ein CF2-Strukturelement enthalten ist, das dann zur Bildung von DFA führen kann. Somit würde aus dem ursprünglichen Eintrag des Kältemittels R113 über schrittweise Dechlorierung via 1,2-Dichlor-1,2,2-Trifluorethan (R123a) und R1113 die Bildung des beobachteten DFA folgen. Es ist also sinnvoll, DFA in die Diskussion zur Regulierung der Endprodukte des Abbaus fluorhaltiger Kälte- oder Lösungsmittel einzubeziehen. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Normausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW) des DIN vorgestellt und es soll ein Arbeitskreis gegründet werden, der ein Normverfahren zur Quantifizierung von TFA und DFA in Wasser erarbeitet. Interessierte Laboratorien sind herzlich eingeladen, die Normungsarbeit zu unterstützen.
Evidence for the formation of difluoroacetic acid in chlorofluorocarbon-contaminated ground water
(2019)
The concentrations of difluoroacetic acid (DFA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in rainwater and surface water from Berlin, Germany resembled those reported for similar urban areas, and the TFA/DFA ratio in rainwater of 10:1 was in accordance with the literature. In contrast, nearby ground water historically contaminated with 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (R113) displayed a TFA/DFA ratio of 1:3. This observation is discussed versus the inventory of microbial Degradation products present in this ground water along with the parent R113 itself. A microbial Transformation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (R1113) to DFA so far has not been reported for environmental media, and is suggested based on well-established mammalian metabolic pathways.
Fuel contamination of soils display complex and variable hydrocarbon mixtures with different volatility and toxicity characteristics. A recently suggested headspace procedure for the structure-based quantification of volatile hydrocarbons is evaluated regarding repeatability, reproducibility, and practical robustness. Three aliphatic and three aromatic fractions covering the boiling range between 69 and 216°C were defined as summation parameters by their respective equivalent carbon number ranges. A standard mixture of 35 aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons was used for calibration on basis of selected mass fragments specific for the aliphatics and aromatics, respectively. Two standard soils were fortified with the standard mixture or different fuels, respectively, and submitted to the analytical procedure. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were for all fractions lower than 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively. Analyte recovery was linear up to between 20 and 110 mg hydrocarbons/kg soil depending on the fraction. Hydrocarbon recovery ranged between 80% and 110% depending on the fraction and the repeatability was typically better than 10%. Finally, the impact of extraction solvent variation, column solid-phase polarity, and alternative summation of fractions were investigated. The procedure was applied to liner samples taken from a site contaminated with aviation fuel and its practicability is discussed.
The development of a test to evaluate the degradation of semi-volatile fuels as diesel by microorganisms is presented. This method is based on the principles described in the CEC-L-103 Standard procedure that is exclusively meant for testing the biodegradability of non-volatile lubricants. Therefore, significant modifications involve aseptic conditions for testing specific microorganisms and conducting the test in closed vessels avoiding evaporation losses, while fuel quantification using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is retained. It is suggested that the modified procedure should enable routine application for semi-volatile hydrocarbon-based fuels. GC-FID provides additionally valuable information on the alteration of fuel component patterns during biodegradation. The procedure was successfully tested using two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sphingomonas sp.) and two yeasts (Moesziomyces sp. and Candida sp.) isolated from real diesel contamination cases. All tested microorganisms caused a significant degradation of diesel fuel achieving hydrocarbon degradation percentages ranging from 23% to 35%. Specific aspects on the test modification and prospects for further modification regarding targeted investigations in the field of fuel contamination by microorganisms are briefly discussed.
The increasing pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with plastic debris leads to the accumulation of microscopic plastic particles of still unknown amount. To monitor the degree of contamination analytical methods are urgently needed, which help to quantify microplastics (MP). Currently, time-costly purified materials enriched on filters are investigated both by micro-infrared spectroscopy and/or micro-Raman. Although yielding precise results, these techniques are time consuming, and are restricted to the analysis of a small part of the sample in the order of few micrograms. To overcome these problems, here we tested a macroscopic dimensioned NIR process-spectroscopic method in combination with chemometrics. For calibration, artificial MP/soil mixtures containing defined ratios of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene with diameters < 125 µm were prepared and measured by a process FT-NIR spectrometer equipped with a fiber optic reflection probe. The resulting spectra were processed by chemometric models including support vector machine regression (SVR), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Validation of models by MP mixtures, MP-free soils and real-world samples, e.g. and fermenter residue, suggest a reliable detection and a possible classification of MP at levels above 0.5 to 1.0 mass% depending on the polymer. The benefit of the combined NIRS chemometric approach lies in the rapid assessment whether soil contains MP, without any chemical pre-treatment. The method can be used with larger sample volumes and even allows for an online prediction and thus meets the demand of a high-throughput method.
Microplastics are increasingly entering marine, limnic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, where they sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants. Here, the sorption behavior of the fuel-related water contaminants benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) and four tertiary butyl ethers to virgin and via UV radiation aged polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) pellets was investigated. Changes in material properties due to aging were recorded using appropriate polymer characterization methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and microscopy.
Pellets were exposed to water containing BTEX and the ethers at 130-190 mg/L for up to two weeks.
Aqueous sorbate concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography. Sorption to the polymers was correlated with the sorbate's Kow and was significant for BTEX and marginal for the ethers.
Due to substantially lower glass transition temperatures, PP showed higher sorption than PS. Aging had no effect on the sorption behavior of PP. PS sorbed less BTEX after aging due to an oxidized surface layer.
A Proof of Concept: Are Detection Dogs a Useful Tool to Verify Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer?
(2018)
Early and reliable diagnostic test is essential for effective therapy of lung cancer. Volatile organic compounds that are characteristic for cancer could serve as valuable biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Both trace analytical and detection dog approaches give some evidence for the existence of such biomarkers. In this proof of concept, study dogs and trace analysis were implemented in combination to gain more information concerning cancer biomarkers. Two dogs were trained to distinguish between absorbed breath samples of lung cancer patients and healthy persons and succeeded with correct identification of patients with 9/9 and 8/9 and correct negative indications from of 8/10 and 4/10 samples from healthy individuals. A recent observational study found that breath samples from lung cancer patients showed an increase in 1-butanol, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and hexanal. Synthetic air samples were therefore fortified with these compounds and adsorbed to a fleece. Tested against breath samples from healthy probands, on presentation to the dogs these synthetic samples provoked an indication in three out of four samples. We were able to demonstrate that a combination of the natural nose of a dog and a trace analytic technique can be a valuable concept in the search for cancer biomarkers.
The increasing request for hair ethyl glucuronide (HEtG) in alcohol consumption monitoring according to cut-off levels set by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) has triggered a proficiency testing program based on interlaboratory comparisons (ILC). Here, the outcome of nine consecutive ILC rounds organised by the SoHT on the determination of HEtG between 2011 and 2017 is summarised regarding interlaboratory reproducibility and the influence of procedural variants. Test samples prepared from cut hair (1 mm) with authentic (in-vivo incorporated) and soaked (in-vitro incorporated) HEtG concentrations up to 80 pg/mg were provided for 27–35 participating laboratories. Laboratory results were evaluated according to ISO 5725-5 and provided robust averages and relative reproducibility standard deviations typically between 20 and 35% in reasonable accordance with the prediction of the Horwitz model. Evaluation of results regarding the analytical techniques revealed no significant differences between gas and liquid chromatographic methods In contrast, a detailed evaluation of different sample preparations revealed significantly higher average values in case when pulverised hair is tested compared to cut hair. This observation was reinforced over the different ILC rounds and can be attributed to the increased acceptance and routine of hair pulverisation among laboratories. Further, the reproducibility standard deviations among laboratories performing pulverisation were on average in very good agreement with the prediction of the Horwitz model. Use of sonication showed no effect on the HEtG extraction yield.
Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umwelt-beständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden.