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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Bauwerke unter Beobachtung. Funkbasiertes Sensornetzwerk zur Schadensfrüherkennung an Bauwerken
(2010)
Die Optimierung und Validierung des digitalen Wasserstofftankstellenmanagements mit Sensortechnologien ist das übergeordnete Ziel des Teilprojekts Digitale Qualitätsinfrastruktur mit Sensortechnologien (QIST) am Use Case H2, im Rahmen der digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI digital[1]). Hierfür sollen u.a. Sensornetzwerke mit digital-gestützten Auswertungsstrategien intelligent gestaltet werden (Stichwort KI bzw. digitaler Zwilling). Verschiedene, sich ergänzende Sensoren, Systemkomponenten und KI-Methoden stehen als Bausteine intelligenter Sensorsysteme zur Verfügung, mit dem Zweck, die physikalischen und chemischen Parameter an und in Anlagen umfassend und effizient zu überwachen sowie Fehlfunktionen zuverlässig zu detektieren und zu interpretieren, Abbildung 1.
Konkrete Arbeitsschritte sind, nach dem Aufbau der Versuchsplattform „Wasserstofftankstelle“, die Instrumentierung von Sensorik und deren digitale Integration in das Tankstellenmanagementsystem sowie die Validierung im Realbetrieb. Die somit erzielten Messergebisse sowie die Messunsicherheiten, Historien und Verfahren werden in digitaler Form aufbereitet, gespeichert und fortlaufend in die KI-basierte Datenauswertung einbezogen, inkl. der Anbindung an die metrologische Rückführungskette.
Ziele sind:
• Einführung eines neuen messtechnischen Ansatzes und eines digitalen Zwillings für den Anwendungsfall "Wasserstofftankstelle" auf Basis der H2-Sensorik sowie der Zustandsgrößen Druck und Temperatur
• Qualitätssicherung durch Applikationen zuverlässiger Gassensorik, Manometer und Thermometer sowie KI-Methoden zur Prozesskontrolle und Detektion von Fehlfunktionen
• Nutzung von digitalen Kalibrierscheinen (DCCs) insbesondere für die Messgröße Temperatur zur Realisierung der metrologischen Rückführung in einer digitalen Qualitätsinfrastruktur
Long-term completely embedded sensor systems offer innovative possibilities for structural health Monitoring of concrete structures. Measuring of relevant parameters, e.g., temperature, humidity, or indication of corrosion can be performed with low energy sensors.
This allows to implement passive RFID sensor systems without cable connection and battery, which are power supplied exclusively by the electromagnetic field from the external Reader device. To evaluate characteristics and conditions of this concept, a systematical Investigation of the transmission characteristics with variation of relevant parameters, as communication frequency, installation depth, type of concrete, moisture content, etc. is currently carried out in an interdisciplinary research project at BAM. First results are presented in this paper.
Motivation:
- Beschleunigungsaufnehmer (BA) sind in ihrer Funktion und in ihren Messeigenschaften stark temperaturabhängig
- kritisch ist z. B. der Dämpfungsmechanismus der seismischen Masse piezoelektrischer BA
- Anwendung: z. B. Fallversuche mit spezifischer Temperaturvorgabe (- 40 °C, + 100 °C)
- Entwicklung eines geeigneten Prüfverfahrens zur temperaturabhängigen Untersuchung von BA
Problemstellung:
- größter Turmbahnhof Europas
- Bau auf nachgiebigem Sandboden
- weitere Baumaßnahmen in unmittelbarer Nähe
- Setzungen und Hebungen der Brückenfundamente
- resultierende Beanspruchungen der Konstruktion
- Erfassung der Beanspruchungen und Verformungen während Bau und Betrieb
- Möglichkeit der Nachstellung der Gabelstützen
A 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system was built up, which enables an experimental validation of linear gas sensors for specific applications and gases in an application-relevant scale. Several injection and soil watering experiments with carbon dioxide (CO2) at different days with varying boundary conditions were performed indicating the potential of the method for, e.g., rapid leakage detection with respect to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) issues.
This work presents first results from repeti-tive CO2 injection experiments performed on a recently built-up 400 m² soil test field with gas injection system. The test field contains 48 membrane-based linear gas sensors that were installed in several depths of the test field. Sensors for measuring meteorological parameters (e.g., wind / rain) and the parameters soil temperature, soil moisture, and groundwater level were installed additionally. A more de-tailed description of the test field setup can be found in. A short description of the mem-brane-based linear gas sensors’ functional prin-ciple can be found in.
The combination of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and low energy sensors offers promising chances to implement cost effective, easy to apply, and easy to handle sensor systems for a variety of applications. The RFID technology is already well established in logistics. Enhanced processing and interface capabilities enable the integration of various sensors for control, diagnostics, and monitoring tasks. In the scope of research projects carried out at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), RFID sensor systems were developed and validated with regard to two different application scenarios: the Identification and diagnosis of concrete components for road bridges and the monitoring of dangerous goods transportation. This contribution presents selected research results and reflects the practical experiences on future chances and limitations of RFID sensor systems.
Completely embedded sensor systems for long-term operation offer innovative possibilities for structural health monitoring of concrete structures. Measuring of relevant parameters, e.g., temperature, humidity, or indication of corrosion can be performed with low energy sensors. This allows to implement passive RFID sensor systems without cable connection and battery, which are power supplied exclusively by the electromagnetic field from the external reader device. To evaluate characteristics and conditions of this concept, a systematical investigation of the transmission characteristics with variation of relevant parameters, as communication frequency, installation depth, type of concrete, moisture content, etc. is currently carried out in an interdisciplinary Research project at BAM. First results are presented in this paper.
Temperature characteristics of a piezoresistive accelerometer for high impact shock application
(2018)
This study presents the characterization of a piezoresistive accelerometer damped with silicon oil for the application in drop tests carried out at BAM. Experiments were performed with the Hopkinson Bar method in close correlation to the real-world application conditions. The results point out certain limitations regarding the temperature influence and the frequency response. Additional experiments were performed with a gas damped type of piezoresistive accelerometer, which has superior specifications, particularly for low temperatures. The results allow for a comparison.