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Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (27)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (27)
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- 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik (4)
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- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (1)
- 3.3 Sicherheit von Transportbehältern (1)
- 6 Materialchemie (1)
- 6.7 Materialsynthese und Design (1)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
In this study a method for early damage detection is investigated based on the directed excitation and measuring of Lamb waves (guided waves). The objective is to make a statement about the practicability of a Lamb wave generator (LWG) and about the application relevant parameters (specimen materials and dimensions, wave characteristics, excitation, transmission und reflection). Guided waves enable an effective differentiation of structural and defective indications as well as a classification of different defect types. For the investigations, a LWG was developed which combines the advantages of the single excitation of a piezoelectric actuator and the possibility of a group excitation. Algorithms were developed to identify and analyze damage patterns (cracks, wholes, weakening).
Limited access to the object of relevance is often an essential problem in testing routines, e.g. for non-destructive testing of industry facilities or components of means of transportation. The presented project is about the development of a non-destructive testing method for application over great distances (up to 100 m). The method is based on directed excitation and measuring of Lamb waves (guided waves). It enables an effective differentiation of structural and defective indications as well as a classification of different defect types.
The advantage of guided waves is the ability of propagation over great distances. This offers innovative possibilities for the investigation of large or difficult to access constructions. The testing method can be helpful in a broad variety of applications. It is useable for the characterization of plane or cylindrical, thin-walled surfaces of metal or fiber laminated materials. Particularly the investigation of aircraft wings and other aerospace components as well as the investigation of pipelines are addressed fields of application.
The exploration of condensed phase mechanisms such as charring and intumescence has been pushed forward in the last decades, since it is believed that focusing on these concepts will bring materials closer to an efficient and ecologically friendly fire retardancy. They promise to concentrate efficient fire retardancy at the key position between pyrolysis zone and gas phase. Examples of residue/char forming and intumescent materials are used to illustrate the influence of mass and heat barrier effects on the fire behavior of materials and general results are presented. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and structure-property relationships in fire retardancy is presented.
Wireless sensor network for long-term structural health monitoring of buildings and infrastructures
(2009)
Damage commonly occurs in buildings when a component fails suddenly with a
partial or total collapse as a consequence. This type of event leads to serious damage to property
and if it is a bridge or a large hall, then people in particular are at risk. The often great age of
bridges and the increasing volume of traffic (particularly heavy traffic) which they are expected
to carry are in clear contradiction to each other. Thus the probability increases that the loadbearing
capacity of a bridge decreases rapidly and often unnoticed with sometimes dire
consequences.
In order to prevent such accidents, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing is
currently developing a special radio-based, self-configuring measuring system in cooperation
with the Berlin-based ScatterWeb Company. This measuring system consists of a number of
identically designed sensor nodes which are self-sustaining, need no wiring, can act as both
transmitters and receivers and are equipped with a special sensor technology making long-term
monitoring of buildings or engineering facilities possible. The sensor unit uses strain gauges for
stress analysis and contains interfaces for additional sensors. The system in particular applies to
buildings and structures for transport and traffic and large-scale industrial facilities, where a
subsequent wiring installation is difficult or impossible.
The project SIGRID investigates and assesses possibilities to enhance the safety and security of
dangerous goods transports through the use of the latest RFID-technology. This technology can be used to
greatly enhance the transparency of the supply chain and aid logistics companies in complying with regulations.
In the context of SIGRID, customized RFID-Sensor-Tags have been developed that monitor dangerous
goods during transport and help to prevent hazards by allowing timely countermeasures. In the case of a dangerous
goods accident, the available information about the type, amount and condition of the dangerous goods
can be used to accurately inform the relief forces. Unavailable or inaccurate information represents a significant
problem for the relief forces. This often leads to a delay in the rescue operation, because relief forces
must be aware of the substances involved to protect themselves effectively against them. SIGRID aims to
close this information gap. To verify the practicability of the underlying concepts, a demonstrator will be
build and tests of realistic scenarios will be conducted.
The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) or
Kolsky Bar is known as a method for analysing
mechanical properties of a material under dynamic
load. Referring to the name it is a splitted
Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The Hopkinson Bar is
related to its inventor Bertram Hopkinson (1914).
He used it to analyze stone samples under dynamic
load. Later his construction was improved by
Davies (1948) [1] and Kolsky (1949) [2], who had
the idea to split the bar and put a sample in
between.
The technique is used to measure a lot of
different mechanical properties of a material e.g.
the dynamic Youngs modulus, deformation
behaviour or to chart the dynamic stress-strain
diagram. Further applications are the measurement
of the elastic wave and the analysis of the
propagation of the wave [2]. In the last years there
was still an interest in measuring dynamic
properties with a SHPB. Nevertheless no
comprehensive validation of the system exists.
Another problem is that the stress and the strain in
the sample are only calculated with simplified
estimations.
The aim of this paper is to give a first
impression of important points validating the
system. On account of different setups of the
SHPB a validation of the used system is necessary.
Hence it is important to look at the theory. Further
in this paper the measurement results will be
shown in a strain over time diagram.
In this paper, we show that a micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with commercially available gas sensors can address environmental monitoring and gas source localization (GSL) tasks. To account for the challenges of gas sensing under real-world conditions, we present a probabilistic approach for GSL that is based on a particle filter (PF). Simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate the suitability of this algorithm for micro UAV platforms.
In many cases, science falls back on self-developed prototype systems, which are used and developed for the measurement and execution of the tasks. About 80 % of the development is based on the same hardware design, which is used in only one application scenario and then discarded. For the most part, there are also uncalibrated sensors, since it is costly to calibrate a complicated sensor measurement system or the entire measurement chain since access to the sensor systems is not always available. This paper describes a conceptual design to implement a versatile sensor system with the motivation to fuse the data recording and data reception, which can cover large areas with the help of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technology. To overcome disadvantages of LoRaWAN, namely the slow data rates, the proposed sensor system can also cover smaller areas with the widespread WiFi technology. An enormous advantage over individual complete systems in the form of a prototype, is the rapid expansion, uncomplicated calibration of the individual sensors and the ecological relief.
A modular design is used, where individual stacks with sensors and peripherals can be added separately. The stacks are standalone low-power systems and can be calibrated, maintained, and replaced separately and do not require the entire measurement chain. The measured and sent values are stored locally on the main stack and sent to the data collector (gateway) and evaluated by means of the automated selection between WiFi and LoRaWAN.