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In the last years, new approaches for the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of stainless steels were developed which allow short term corrosion testing with increased information content. This work analyses the extensive influence of heat treatment on microstructure and the resulting corrosion resistance of the martensitic stainless steels 1.4034 and 1.4021 with advanced methods. Different heat treatments at various austenitization temperatures up to 1100°C and the effect of different cooling rates were evaluated; the last has not yet been studied in literature at all. The resulting corrosion behaviour in relation to the different carbon content in the two used alloys and the applied heat treatment will be presented and discussed. The applied methods of investigation were conventional evaluation of the critical pitting corrosion potential (PP), modified electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (mEPR) and the "KorroPad" (KP) technique. The performance of modified EPR and its interpretation were optimized to provide additional information about the general passivation ability and the extent of chromium depletion as result of applied heat treatment. The aim using PP and KP was the correlation between the Parameters of the mEPR with the changes in the pitting corrosion resistance. Furthermore the results will demonstrate the functionality and usability of the short term corrosion test methods mEPR and KP in order to increase their acceptance within the scientific community. The results indicate a surprisingly large influence of both austenitization temperature and cooling rate on the corrosion resistance within all three used test methods, which can explain the different corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless steels in earlier investigations.
Pitting corrosion is one of the most common mechanisms of local passivity breakdown on stainless steels. Electrochemical methods have preferentially been applied for the evaluation of pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels in laboratory. Nevertheless, some of them are not reliable enough and in general the application of electrochemical methods in the field becomes difficult because of a required deep understanding of corrosion phenomena and measurement technology. A new approach for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion susceptibility of stainless Steel surfaces in the laboratory as well as in the field is frequently demanded by representatives of the metalworking industry. Therefore, the KorroPad-test was invented and patented as part of a research project at the BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing in Germany.
Contents of deformation-induced martensite in the lattice structure of austenitic stainless steels lead to an either beneficial or detrimental change of mechanical and magnetic properties depending on the prospective application. Whereas these changes are well-known and investigated widely the influence of deformation-induced martensite on the corrosion behaviour is frequently an issue of scientific discussions. There are opposing opinions that depend on the type of corrosion mechanism being investigated for example regarding pitting corrosion resistance in Chloride containing media. In it is stated that pitting resistance is not influenced by deformationinduced martensite while in it is discussed that more pitting occurs on martensitic structure. The same conflictive opinions appear regarding active dissolution in acidic media or intergranular corrosion. In addition, when having deeper insight into literature it can be concluded that even the type of test method, i. e. dynamic or static testing, has a big influence on the obtained results concerning the influence of martensite in austenitic stainless steels.