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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (92)
Within the project COORAL (German acronym for ''C02 purity for capture and storage") studies on pipeline steels exposed to circulating supercritical impure C02 have been carried out. For this purpose, a loop consisting of compressors, flow meter and two autoclaves was constructed. In order to simulate the real conditions in pipelines, impurities such as H20, CO, S02, N02 and 02 were added to the C02 stream before compression. Exposure experiments were carried out with Steel specimens placed in the autoclaves. Carbon Steel L360NB, pure iron X20Cr13, X46Cr13, X2CrMnNiN22-5-2 and alloy 31 have been exposed to circulating (flow rate 4 L/min) supercritical impure C02 for one week at 60 °C and 10 MPa Surface analysis and weight loss experiments in order to determine the corrosion products and the corrosion rates showed that the impurities cause corrosion problems. Slight general corrosion by L360NB and soft iron was observed. The initiation of pitting corrosion was observed at the surfaces of the materials X20Cr13, X46Cr13, X2CrMnNiN22-5-2. No visible signs of corrosion have been observed on alloy 31.
Corrosion resistance of duplex stainless Steel UNS S32101 and super austenitic stainless Steel UNS NO8031 (alloy 31) was investigated in crevice conditions in a corrosive environment (saline brine, T = 60 °C, C02-flow rate 3-5 L/h, normal pressure) using electrochemical and metallographic techniques. Rectangular rubber was used to form a metal/non-metal-crevice configuration.
Potentiodynamic measurements have been carried out in order to determine critical pitting and repassivation potentials. Potentiostatic measurements at different Potentials have been performed and the dependence of pit depth on the potential applied in crevice conditions was investigated. It was shown that the repassivation potential of duplex stainless Steel S32101 coincides with its corrosion potential. Strang pitting corrosion occurred after potentiodynamic measurements with pit depths up to 100 pm. Otherwise, stainless Steel UNS NO8031 shows about 0.5 V difference between the free corrosion potential and the repassivation potential and did not show any signs of pitting corrosion after polarization measurements. Slight rouging effects have been observed. By potentiostatic measurements on duplex stainless Steel S32101 potentials slightly more positive than the corrosion Potentials causing strong pitting corrosion, and pit depths up to 650 pm were measured. Super austenitic stainless Steel UNS NO8031 did not exhibit any signs of pitting corrosion even by applying potentials much more positive than the corrosion potential.
Within the project COORAL (German acronym for 'CO2 purity for capture and storage') first studies on piping steels exposed to CO2 and artificial brine with high chloride concentration have been carried out. Corrosion behavior of martensitic Cr13 steel (1.4034) was investigated in a corrosive environment (artificial saline brine, T = 60 °C, CO2-flow rate 3 – 5 L/h, atmospheric pressure, exposure times from 1 h up to 14 days) using electrochemical and metallographic techniques. Different corrosion kinetics were observed as a function of exposure times and chloride concentration in the artificial brine. In CO2-saturated brine pitting corrosion was observed at free corrosion potential, whereas in the brine without addition of NaCl a stable passive layer built up. Predictions about corrosion mechanism are made and verified by means of surface analytical techniques.
Use of Corrosion Resistant High-Alloyed Metallic Materials for Transport Tanks of Dangerous Goods
(2005)
In Germany the BAM-List Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous
Goods is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for
the carriage of dangerous goods. Such approval is undertaken by the Federal Institute for
Materials Research and Testing (BAM). Compatibility evaluations of selected metallic
material groups as well as of polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of
dangerous goods and water-polluting substances are published in section 5 of the BAM-List.
According to the relevant regulations for rail, road and sea transportation a compulsory
internal inspection after certain intervals is required. The required corrosion resistance
depends on the length of the inspection interval.
There is a large number of dangerous goods with a high corrosivity to metals, where the standard
steels are not corrosion resistant. Chemical companies, transportation providers and tank
producers need tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials in order to protect the tank shell
and prevent contamination of high-value cargo as well as the environment. One solution is to
line the tank with a polymeric material, an alternative solution to corrosion problems is the
application of high-alloyed materials.
Only a narrow limited number of corrosion test results of these high-alloyed materials under
the influence of corrosive dangerous goods are available. In order to change this situation and
include the superaustenitic steels X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 (Alloy 926), X1NiCrMoCu32-28-7
(Alloy 31) and the nickel-based alloy NiCr23Mo16Al (Alloy 59) in the BAM-List, BAM,
IKS Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM started an comprehensive test program with welded
specimens made. The program comprises corrosion resistance evaluations of the high-alloyed
materials in substances representing 12 major groups of corrosive dangerous goods (e.g.
inorganic halogenides, organic acidic halogenides, halogenic carbonic acids, chlorosilanes,
chlorates, perchlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites and hydrogen sulphates).
The test results, presented in this paper, will be included in the upcoming 8th edition of the
BAM-List and therefore available for the costumer.