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For the long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel and other high-Level radioactive waste, dual purpose casks for the transportation and storage are widely used. Usually, these casks consist of a thick-walled monolithic cask body and a bolted double barrier lid System equipped with metal seals (consisting of an inner helical spring and two outer metal layers with a total cross-section diameter between 5 and 10 mm) to ensure the long-term safe confinement of the radioactive inventory.
Based on analytical and experimental studies, such metallic Systems have been qualified of storage periods of up to four decades so far as long as proper manufacturing and assembling conditions are met. More than 20 years of Operation experience with a permanently increasing number of casks has shown full compliance with the expectations.
In the meantime many countries have to face a significant delay of establishing a high-level radioactive waste repository what leads to Need for extending interim storage periods for probably 60, 80 or 100 years.
For that reason the long-term performance of metal seals for such time periods is of specific internst to demonstrate their sufficient safety function and specific investigations have already been launched, e.g. by BAM, to gain more experimental data and to develop validated models to extrapolate the seal performance to longer periods of time and or requested temperature levels.
The interaction between the package lid system and internal Content during mechanical drop testing is a decisive matter in evaluating Impact loads and the safety of the package. In the case of movable contents ist impact onto the inner side of the package lid can cause additional load peaks on the lid and the lid bolts. Some aspects of this issue were discussed on the basis of experimental results from instrumented drop tests with transport casks and on the basis of analytical approaches.
The safety of any transport system depends on a multitude of conditions, parameters and circumstances. In this regard, the interaction of the carried Cargo with the carrying vehicle represents a factor influencing the overall safety of any transport. The effects of cargo on the vehicle have to do with the vibration or shifting of the cargo, affecting the lateral stability of the vehicles and the braking performance.
Such interaction has been associated to road crashes and maritime vehicles capsizing. Simulation of cargo-vehicle interaction thus represents an interesting Topic when a reduction in transport accidents is pursued. In this paper, the fundamentals principles for simulating the interaction of the liquid cargo and the carrying vehicle, is presented. In the case of a road transportation, the proposed simplified Simulation methodologies, show good agreement with a full-scale test.
Intermediate level waste often contains residual water or other liquids. The liquids can be decomposed due to radiolysis and can also vaporize especially under fire impact. These pressure generating processes are described. One example for the pressure determination inside a closed cask is discussed using two different approaches: analytical and CFD
Effective assessment and management of railway infrastructure for competitiveness and sustainability
(2018)
In this chapter the challenges facing railways have been illustrated through the description of two important events occurring in different geographical areas. While the explosion in Quebec, Canada, points out the importance of taking away the transportation infrastructure from highly populated areas; the disruption of the European railway network in Rastatt, Germany, describes the importance of designing alternative routes to critical railway segments, together with the need to have contingency plans to face extraordinary situations regarding the connectivity in a given transport network.
Future research efforts are recognized in relation with the railway car – track interaction, as the dynamic loads derived from such interaction could be reducing the life of such infrastructure. It is particularly important for infrastructures dedicated to the transportation of liquid hazardous substances.
Elastomers are widely used as the main sealing materials in Containers for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste and as an additional component fo metal seals in spent-fuel and high-level waste containers. According to appropriate guidelines and regulations, safe enclosure of the radioactive container contents has to be guaranteed for lengthy storage periods of at least 40 years. Therefore, the understanding of seal ageing behaviour is of high importance and has to be considered with regard to possible dynamic events taking place during transport after storage. An accelerated ageing approach for compressed seals is presented, as well as some first results.