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- 2019 (325) (entfernen)
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- Fluorescence (15)
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- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (88)
- 6 Materialchemie (76)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (70)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (31)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (30)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (27)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (22)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (20)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (20)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (20)
In this work, the structural integrity of LBM fabricated IN625 small cylinders (d = 1 mm, h = 6 mm) was investigated regarding the porosity and the surface roughness by means of computed tomography. The measurements were carried out on a GE v|tome|x L 300/180 with a reconstructed voxel size of 2 µm. The pores were analyzed for size, shape and spatial distribution. The correlation between compactness C and spatial distribution showed that elongated pores (C < 0.2) appear exclusively within a distance of 80 µm to the sample surface. The reconstructed surface was digitally meshed and unwrapped to evaluate the mean roughness Ra. Since the gravity correlates linearly with the sine of the build angle, the influence of gravity on porosity and surface roughness was determined.
µCT is used to validate the capability of online monitoring for in-situ detection of defects during the L-PBF build process, which is a focus of the TF project ProMoAM.
Our first experiments show that online monitoring using thermography and optical tomography cameras are able to detect defects in the built part. But further research is needed to understand root cause of the correlation.
Zuverlässigkeitsbetrachtungen bei der Ultraschallprüfung von Radsatzwellen im Ausbildungsbetrieb
(2019)
Im Rahmen des UT1 E W im Ausbildungszentrum Wittenberge der DGZfPwurden statistische Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Radsatzwellenprüfung mit Testradsatzwellen durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchungen hatten zum Ziel, die wesentlichen Einflussparameter bei der Handprüfung auf das Prüfergebnis zu evaluieren. Im Rahmen der Zuverlässigkeitsbetrachtung wurden die ProbabilityofDetection(POD) und die Nachweisgrenzen ermittelt.Die durchgeführte Studie zeigt, dass die Bewertung der gesamten Zuverlässigkeit der ZfP komplex ist. Dieses verlangt eine detaillierte Versuchsplanung und die Einbeziehung von unterschiedlichen Faktoren, von den Anwendungsparametern bis hin zu den komplexen menschlichen und organisatorischen Faktoren. Die im Rahmen der Studie ermittelten Ergebnisse lassen aufgrund der geringen Anzahl an Testreflektoren keine allgemeingültige Übertragung auf beliebige Korbbogen-geometrienund Reflektorgeometrienzu.
Im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0 muss die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (ZfP) mit den Anforderungen Schritt halten. Eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Digitalisierung, Automatisierung, komplexen Vernetzungen, künstlicher Intelligenz, Assistenzsystemen, intelligenten Sensortechnologien etc. hängt in hohem Maße mit einer erfolgreichen und optimalen Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (MMI) zusammen. Auf dem Gebiet der ZfP wurde erkannt, dass mit zunehmender Automatisierung neue Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion entstehen können: Herausforderungen, die angegangen werden müssen.
Der neu gegründete DGZfP FA "ZfP 4.0" hat sich diesem Thema angenommen und einen Unterausschuss (UA) zur Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion gegründet. Die Ziele dieses Unterausschusses bestehen darin, das Bewusstsein für die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion in der ZfP zu sensibilisieren, sowie die Akzeptanz neuer Technologien in Hinblick auf Mensch-Maschine-Systeme und deren Umsetzung zu schaffen, um die Zuverlässigkeit und die Effektivität (Kostenreduktion + Sicherheit) der Mensch-Maschine-Systeme durch optimierte Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion zu gewährleisten. Einige der Themen, mit denen sich dieser UA auseinandersetzten möchte, sind: Entwurf und Entwicklung neuer Schnittstellen, Implementierung neuer Schnittstellen, Optimierung bestehender Technologien und Schnittstellen, Ausarbeitung von Technologien für das optimale MMI, Berücksichtigung der Zuverlässigkeit des gesamten Mensch-Maschine-Systems, Ausarbeitung der Inhalte für die Ausbildung, Wissenstransfer zwischen Disziplinen (z. B Psychologie, Ingenieurwesen, ZfP), usw.
Ziel dieses Vortrags ist es, Herausforderungen zu beschreiben, die Mensch-Maschine-Systeme im Zeitalter von ZfP 4.0 begegnen könnten. Dazu gehören beispielsweise Vertrauen in automatisierte Systeme, Out-of-the-Loop-Phänomene, Verlust von Fähigkeiten, Akzeptanz der Automatisierung, Usability, usw.
The need for sustainable and effective usage of limited resources like water and soil becomes more and more important due to increasing populations and their need for food. The research initiative BonaRes funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, develops strategies to use soil as a sustainable resource for the bio-economy. One part of this initiative is the Intelligence for Soil (I4S) project. It deals with the development of an integrated system for the site-specific soil fertility management. The goal of the project is to establish a mobile sensor platform for soil mapping as well as to apply soil and crop models to deal with the high amount of produced data. These models are going to be used to formulate recommendations on the use of fertilizers and to gain an improvement on the soil fertility. Using this information, the environmental pollution with substances like nitrate contained in fertilizers can be decreased. Furthermore, the costs for farmers can be decreased if only the amounts of fertilizer needed are applied to the field.
The task for BAM is installation and optimization of a handheld XRF sensor for online measurement directly on the field. It is a non-destructive technique and quite suitable for an online approach due to a low maintenance in sample preparation and a fast and simultaneous multi element analysis. The elements of interest in this case are light elements like phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. One of the major tasks is the calibration of the sensor for different soils is finding suitable calibration models, which are evolved to deal with different types of soil. Due to the multi element analysis, micro and macro nutrients can be determined simultaneously. Those differ a lot in their contents, which makes it inevitable to optimize and adapt the analytical procedure. By analyzing soil it is always important to deal with matrix effects, that is why the influence of different disturbances like the moisturize content and the grain size needs to be investigated. The XRF is only one of many sensors that combined give customized fertilizing recommendations in the end.
Our aim is to develop a new method for full field X ray fluorescence imaging at the BAM line @ BESSY II. We will combine an energydispersive array detector for X rays with a coded aperture to get high resolution images . In coded aperture imaging , an object is projected through a mask , producing many overlapping images on the detector . The first part of the project is to perform raytracing simulations to get realistic data and to develop a reconstruction method that allows to get the Information about the investigated object out of the projected image .
We developed a new method for full field X-ray fluorescence imaging at the BAMline @ BESSY II. We combined an energy dispersive array detector for X-rays with a coded aperture to get high resolution images.
In coded aperture imaging, an object is projected through a mask, producing many overlapping images on the detector. To get the information about the investigated object out of the projected image, a decoding step is necessary.
The first part of our project was to develop the decoding algorithms. We tested the reported reconstruction with an antimask and compared the results with the performance of self-written reconstruction programs based on an iterative and a genetic algorithm. First tests were performed with raytracing simulations.
The next step was the collection of experimental data at the BAMline @ BESSY II (HZB). A test objects could be successfully reconstructed with our newly developed algorithm.
Our aim is to develop a new simple and inexpensive method for full field X-ray fluorescence imaging . We combine an energy dispersive array detector with a coded aperture to obtain high resolution images . To obtain the information from the recorded image a reconstruction step is necessary . The reconstruction methods we have developed , were tested on simulated data and then applied to experimental data . The first tests were carried out at the BAM line @ BESSY II. This method enables the simultaneous detection of multiple elements , which is important e.g. in the field of catalysis.
Small unmanned aircraft are used increasingly as flying sensor platforms to perform tasks such as gas distribution mapping or environmental monitoring. Sometimes, these applications require knowledge of the ambient wind field.
In general, it would be interesting to avoid any additional hardware, both on ground and on the aircraft. Here, we present an approach to estimate the wind vector just by exploiting the state variables of the aircraft.
An equation for wind vector estimation using a multirotor aircraft as a flying anemometer is shown. To compute the wind vector an estimate of the thrust of the aircraft is required, which is related to the rotational speed of the rotors. Hence, a sensing system for the rotational speed using phototransistors is presented.