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Erscheinungsjahr
- 2018 (266) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (266) (entfernen)
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- Concrete (9)
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- Control Chart (1)
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- Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (1)
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- Cutting tools (1)
- Cybersecurity (1)
- DAS (1)
- DEA (1)
- DET (1)
- DLC (1)
- DNA (1)
- DUCON® (1)
- Damage detection and localisation (1)
- Damage location (1)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data based decision making (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
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- Dauerhafigkeit (1)
- Deckschichtbildung (1)
- Deconvolution (1)
- Deponie (1)
- Deponietechnik (1)
- Deterioration model (1)
- Dichtungskontrollsysteme (1)
- Dielectric materials (1)
- Digital Detector Array (DDA) (1)
- Digital Detector Array (DDA), (1)
- Digital Image Correlation (DIC) (1)
- Direct detection (1)
- Disinfection (1)
- Dissimilar welds (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (1)
- Distributed strain sensor (1)
- Dosimetry (1)
- Drop (1)
- Drop test (1)
- Drop testing (1)
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- Druckbehälter (1)
- Dual energy imaging (1)
- Dual purpose cask (1)
- Dual-core photonic crystal fiber (1)
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- Dye (1)
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- E-modulus (1)
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- Electron irradiation of DNA (1)
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- Fiber optic sensing (1)
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- Finite Element Modelling (1)
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- Surface dielectric barrier discharge (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Swarm (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- THz Spectroscopy (1)
- THz radiation (1)
- TMF (1)
- Tangential radiography (1)
- Tantalum (1)
- Tausalz (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperature behavior (1)
- Temperature characteristics (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tension rod system (1)
- Terahertz synthetic aperture (1)
- Test (1)
- Test Tailoring (1)
- Testing (1)
- Thermal Test (1)
- Thermal contrast (1)
- Thermal properties of GRP (1)
- Thermal testing (1)
- ThermoCalc (1)
- Thermoacoustic (1)
- Thermoacoustics (1)
- Thermoanalyse (1)
- Thermographic testing (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermogravimetrie (1)
- Thermohydraulic (1)
- Thermomechanics (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V (1)
- Titanium nitride (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tobermorit (1)
- Tobermorite (1)
- Ton (1)
- Toughness (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Train (1)
- Trains (1)
- Transducers (1)
- Transformation induced plasticity (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transport externalities (1)
- Transport of radioactive materials (1)
- Transportation (1)
- Tricalciumsilikat (1)
- Triumfetta Pendrata A. Rich (1)
- Trockenreibung (1)
- Trucking (1)
- Trunnion design (1)
- Tungsten carbide (1)
- Type-B Package (1)
- Ultra-high performance concrete (1)
- Ultrafast soliton fission (1)
- Ultrahigh-performance concrete (1)
- Ultrasonic (1)
- Ultrasonic Testing (1)
- Ultrasonics (1)
- Ultrasound Emission (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty in reference (1)
- Under cyclic loading (1)
- Unimpeded walking speed (1)
- Unsicherheiten (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Uranhexaflourid (1)
- VCSEL (1)
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- Validierung (1)
- Valve (1)
- Vehicle-Track (1)
- Vereinfachtes Verfahren (1)
- Versalzung (1)
- Verschleißbeständigkeit (1)
- Verteilte Fasersensorik (1)
- Verzinkt (1)
- Verzögerungswerte (1)
- Vessels (1)
- Vibration measurements (1)
- Virtual experiments (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- WC (1)
- Wall thickness measurement (1)
- Wandler (1)
- Wasserstoffspeicher (1)
- Water activity (1)
- Water quality (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Weld pool geometry (1)
- Wetting (1)
- Wind turbine (1)
- Wind turbine blades (1)
- Windenergie (1)
- Windkanal (1)
- Windkraft (1)
- Wireless Sensor Networks (1)
- Wireless mobile sensor device (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray radiography (1)
- XL-CT (1)
- XRD (1)
- Zement (1)
- Zementgebundene Baustoffe (1)
- Zementklinker (1)
- Zementleim (1)
- Zentrifugentechnologie (1)
- ZfPBau (1)
- ZfPStatik (1)
- Zinc coatings (1)
- Zinkdeckschichten (1)
- Zonation (1)
- Zulassung (1)
- Zusatzmittel (1)
- Zuverlässigkeitstheorie (1)
- Zündgefahrenbewertung (1)
- carrier gas hot extraction (1)
- laser cladding (1)
- temperature (1)
- µCT-analysis (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (88)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (68)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (42)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (38)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (29)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (24)
- 8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren (22)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (21)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (18)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (17)
Häufig ist es wünschenswert, für neue Materialien oder Anwendungen künstliche Bewitterungsverfahren zu benutzen, die auf die spezifischen Anforderungen besser zugeschnitten sind, als es bei bestehenden standardisierten Verfahren der Fall ist. Nachdem man die spezifischen Parameter der Beanspruchung unter Anwendungsbedingungen und die spezifische Empfindlichkeit des Materials erfasst hat, beginnt ein Prozess, der als „Test Tailoring“ häufig abstrakt verwendet, auf den aber nur selten näher eingegangen wird. Genau dieser Prozess soll hier am Beispiel der Entwicklung eines künstlichen Bewitterungstests unter saurer Beaufschlagung, dem in der BAM entwickelten Acid Dew and Fog Test, beispielhaft erläutert werden.
Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass sich ältere Schafe gut als Modell für die mi-nimalinvasive Behandlung von Osteoporose eignen [1]. Um einen Behandlungs-effekt nachzuweisen, wird dabei unter anderem die Belastungsfähigkeit des Kno-chens durch Druckversuche an kleinen Zylindern aus den behandelten und unbe-handelten Knochen bestimmt. Diese hatten hier einen Durchmesser von 10 mm und eine Höhe von 13 mm. Für den in-situ Druckversuch wurde eine Deben CT5000 verwendet. In einer Serie von Druckerhöhungen wurden die Proben je-weils tomographiert. Dabei ergab sich zunächst, dass mit der µCT innerhalb der Knochen im oberen und unteren Bereich schon Brüche nachgewiesen werden können, obwohl die gemessene Kraftaufnahmekurve keine Unstetigkeit zeigt. Deswegen wurden die starren Probenaufnehmer der Deben Anordnung durch bewegliche Aufnehmer ergänzt, die eine leichte Verkippung der belasteten Ober-flächen ausgleichen können. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen und der aus den µCT-Daten berechneten Verschiebungsfelder ergab trotz der komplexen Struktur der Knochen gute Übereinstimmungen. Diese Verschiebungen wurden dann mit den aus den µCT Daten simulierten mechanischen Druckversuchen, Von-Mise-Spannungen und daraus berechneten Verschiebungen verglichen. (VGStudioMax Simulation).
ZfPStatik bezeichnet die Verwendung von statistisch bewerteten Messergebnissen, die mit zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren im Bauwesen (ZfPBau) gewonnen werden und in statischen Berechnungen zum Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit verwendet werden. Dazu ist die Ermittlung der Messunsicherheit der Versuchsdaten auf der Basis des GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) der erste Schritt. Der statische Nachweis erfolgt durch Grenzzustandsgleichungen, die im Bauwesen angewandt werden. Diese müssen modifiziert werden, so dass jede Messgröße als Zufallsvariable in der Grenzzustandsgleichung vorhanden ist. Der statische Nachweis erfolgt mit probabilistischen Berechnungsmethoden aus der Zuverlässigkeitstheorie. Diese Vorgehensweise wird exemplarisch für den Standsicherheitsnachweis eines Plattenbalkenquerschnitts einer Stahlbetonbrücke auf Biegung angewandt. Auf die möglichen Schlussfolgerungen aus den probabilistischen Berechnungen wird abschließend kurz eingegangen.
Mit additiven Fertigungsverfahren hergestellte Bauteile und Produkte aus Kunststoffen werden zunehmend nicht mehr nur als Prototypen, sondern als voll funktionsfähige Bauteile und Produkte gefertigt. Bedingt durch die Fertigungsprozesse und den schichtweisen Aufbau resultieren physikalische Materialeigenschaften, die stark von den Fertigungsparametern abhängen und zudem anisotrop sind. Von den Fertigungsparametern werden auch die Oberflächeneigenschaften beeinflusst, sodass zu erwarten ist, dass sich die Beständigkeit gegenüber äußeren Umwelteinflüssen bei additiv gefertigten Bauteilen von der konventionell gefertigter unterscheiden kann. Nachfolgend wird daher die Entwicklung eines Qualitätssicherungskonzeptes basierend auf spektroskopischen und zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren vorgestellt, in dem der Alterungsprozess von mittels Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) und mittels Lasersintering (LS) hergestellten Probekörpern untersucht wird.
Die Klinkerphasenbildung durch Sinterung in Drehrohröfen bei der Herstellung von Portlandzementklinker (PZK) ist gründlich erforscht und optimiert. Im Hinblick auf mögliche ökonomische und ökologische Vorteile befassen sich aktuelle Forschungsvorhaben darüber hinaus mit der Herstellung von Klinkermineralen aus Stahlwerksschlacken, die eine vergleichbare chemische Zusammensetzung aufweisen.
Neuste Untersuchungen zeigen, dass nach der reduzierenden Behandlung schmelzflüssiger Linz-Donawitz-(LD)-Schlacken und Abscheidung des gebildeten metallischen Eisens eine mineralische Schlacke entsteht, die unabhängig von ihren Abkühlbedingungen ca. 50–60 Gew.% des wichtigsten Klinkerminerals Alit (C3S) enthält und eine hohe hydraulische Reaktivität aufweist.
Die Stabilität des Alits auch nach langsamer Abkühlung deutet auf eine Stabilisierung des Minerals durch Nebenelemente aus den LD-Schlacken hin. Ein sinkender Anteil an LD-Schlacke durch Zusatz synthetischer Schlackemischung, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Hauptkomponenten wie eine ausreduzierte LD-Schlacke zusammensetzt, führt zu einem Rückgang des Alitgehaltes und dem Zerfall der Schlacke beim Erstarren.
3D structural investigations are described by X-ray laminography studies of sandwich shell segments, made of a PVC foam core, covered by non-crimp fabric glass fibre composite lay-ups processed by vacuum assisted resin infusion of epoxy. The specific scope of this study is to image transversal flaws within the foam core (joints) and of single ply overlaps. Test flaws were purposely implemented in order to simulate typical failure under cyclic load. In a dedicated test rig for shell structures, the flaw evolution/propagation is monitored by thermography and optical 3D inspection of deformation. Due to the unfavourable preconditions for classical computed tomography as of large aspect ratio, the samples were investigated by coplanar translational laminography. Its limited range of observation angles of ± 45°, results in anisotropic artefacts about the normal to the sample surface, but the typical flaws are well visualized in the as-prepared state, in a state of early damage, and in the repaired state.
Grouting is a universal repair and strengthening technique, which is constantly used for structural remediation of concrete components, trenches, mine subsidence, dam joints, restoration of masonry structures, and geological stabilizations. Having an extremely small particle size of only few microns, ultrafine cements are ideal for grouting applications due to their superior permeability and compressive strength properties of the hardened cement paste compared to that of the less-expensive, but coarser ordinary Portland cements. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are often used to replace ultrafine cement in order to modify certain properties and to reduce costs. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of three supplementary materials: microsilica (MS), fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK) on the workability, and mechanical properties of an ultrafine cement based grout with a constant water-binder ratio and constant superplasticizer content. Maximum percentages of replacement with ultrafine cement were 6% by volume of cement for MS and 16% for FA, and MK. In general, results suggest that the workability is improved by addition of FA, whereas is reduced, when modified with MS and MK. The compressive strength of grout after cement replacement remains comparable to that of pure cement grout. However, there is a tendency of the MS to positively affect the compressive strength opposite to FA, whereas flexural strength is positively affected by FA. Based on the results, it is evident that grouts with Hägerman cone flow more than 500 mm and compressive strength of more than 90 MPa after 28 days can be produced.
This paper describes a wireless mobile prototype able to perform optical measurements by means of a miniatur-ized spectrometer for low light analysis, e.g. fluorescent sensors. Evaluations, calculations, calibration management and result display are performed by a computer or a standard tablet. The device was designed primarily to detect traces of oil in drinking or ground water and for the analyses of crude oils. However, it can also address a wide range of fluorescent sensors. The fast and user-friendly inspection of water quality or oil properties, as well as the adaptability and mobility, make the device attractive for a variety of users. Further application areas could be easily imple-mented by adapting the optics and the software (database, data processing and calibration plots, etc.)
Recent bus fires in Europe, such as the bus fire in France 2015 with 43 fatalities and the bus fire in Germany 2017 with 19 fatalities, show that these fires can be very hazardous and time for escape can be too short. Recently, several fire safety measures came into force for busses. Engine compartment suppression systems will be mandatory for all busses in Europe. This is a big step in fire safety as about 80 % of fires start in the engine compartment. However, in several recent bus fires a time of less than 5 minutes has been reported from detection of the fire to a fully developed fire. As normally many people are on board of a bus, a bus fire is not comparable to fire in a home. Especially for people with reduced mobility or for fires after a collision the available times for escape are too short. When the fire service is on scene the transition to a fully developed fire might have happened already. Passengers who are not able to escape in this short period of time mostly cannot be rescued by the fire service even with quick response times because of the dramatic fire development. Fires that do not start in the engine compartment but develop in the cabin are rarer but extremely dangerous because fire and smoke spread very rapidly. The reason for the fast fire and smoke development in the cabin are the materials which are used. Over the last tens of years materials in busses had major developments. The amount of plastic in the cabin has grown significantly. In a modern coach the biggest fire load often is not the fuel anymore but the interior materials.
Bus fire safety is mainly regulated by ECE regulations R 118 and R 107. A comparison with European standards for trains shows that for trains, in contrast to busses, a holistic fire concept exists. Fire scenarios as well as escape scenarios and passenger behaviour are taken into account, resulting in fire safety regulations on a high level compared with bus regulations. In contrast to regulations for train materials no limits for heat or smoke production are given for bus materials. Larger heat release values promote more rapid fire spread. Also smoke production and toxicity are key factors in fires. The smoke reduces the visibility in the case of fire, and together with the toxicity of the smoke can make escape from the vehicle impossible. Figure 1 shows the remains of the bus from the recent severe bus fire in Germany in 2017.
As a result of experience with real cases and results from research projects we think it is necessary to develop a holistic fire safety concept for busses as it exists for other transport means like railways. The fire safety concept should include vehicle configuration and design as well as areas of use, e.g. use in cities, use in long-distance traffic on motorways and use in tunnels.