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Nobody who knows Nico Omenetto will believe that he is going to celebrate his 75th birthday on November 12 this year. There has to be a special elixir which keeps him going strong, enthusiastic and positive. It is certainly his wife Mariella and his son Fiorenzo with family, but also his love for scientific research and teaching. All of us, the spectrochemical community, have benefited from the great enthusiasm which he has invested in finessing the jounal Spectrochimica Acta, Part B for 20 years, spending numerous hours of his free time in handling manuscripts as mediator between authors and referees. We are grateful for his continuous, dedicated commitment to a journal which we all admire. The great appreciation of his colleagues can be observed from the universal support for this Special Issue on behalf of his upcoming birthday. All who were asked immediately agreed to submit contributions.
The 100th anniversary of the death of Adolf Martens will be commemorated on July 24th, 2014. He is eponymously remembered today through the term martensite, which was first used by Floris Osmond as a name for the metastable phase that results from rapid quenching of carbon steels. Born in 1850 near to Hagenow in the region Mecklenburg, Germany, Martens was one of the pioneers of materials engineering in 19th century Europe.
Martens began his career working for the Prussian Eastern Railway before joining the Royal Industrial Academy in Berlin in 1880. In 1884, he was appointed director of the Royal Mechanical Experimental Station, a small institution associated to the academy. Failure analysis was continuously practiced at this institution, which became later the nucleus of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), for the 110 years since. The history of Martens will be dealt with in an in-depth article in this special issue.
Since the 19th century, failure analysis techniques have been refined, and new methods of chemical analysis and non-destructive testing have been developed; however, the basic approach to failure analysis has not changed much since Martens' days. The basic tenets of failure analysis remain things like on-site inspection, extensive visual 'non-destructive' inspection, developing an understanding of the background story, performing materials testing, and 'connecting the dots.' Martens introduced and developed experimental techniques like macro photography, fractography, metallography, hardness measurements, and mechanical testing. Modern failure analysts continue adding even more techniques to this list, leading to a more interdisciplinary approach which many would say is the only way to find the root causes of complex failure events.
The present special issue of EFA presents an overview of more than 100 years of failure analysis at BAM and its predecessors, closing the circle from the beginnings of modern failure analysis done by Martens himself in the 1890s to its present-day application.
This special issue starts with an excursion back to Martens' work and innovations and presents a newly translated original manuscript of Martens from 1890. Whereas some papers of Martens and his co-workers are well documented, only little can be found about failure analysis in the period from 1914 to the 1950s. Most documents of this period have not survived until today. Beginning in the 1960s more and more significant works are preserved, which were using the interdisciplinary approach of Martens. Since the beginning of the digital age in the 1980s almost all text documents are accessible, whereas digital images were stored since the 1990s. Since then the problem is no longer accessibility but copyright issues that prevent many interesting case studies from being published. Maybe the next generation of failure scientists can reveal some of them later on.
Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kremer is celebrating his 65th birthday this year. Furthermore, also for this reason, he resigned from the position as an Editor-in-Chief of the journal Colloid and Polymer Science. In his more than 20 years of successful editorship, he has substantially contributed to develop Colloid and Polymer Science to become a leading international journal in the field of polymers and colloids including their manifold connections with other branches of science. He will remain in a close connection to the journal as the new Chief Advisory Editor. To appreciate both his 65th birthday and his prosperous engagement for this journal, Springer is pleased to launch the present special issue of Colloid and Polymer Science dedicated to Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kremer. Friends, editors, and colleagues, as well as coworkers and former students contribute to this special issue with their own selected original scientific work in order to honor Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kremer not only as a leading scientist but also as a person with an outstanding personality.