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Final report of research activities at BAM concerning large scale fireballs of organic peroxides (OP). New models for OP fireball diameter, duration, height and Surface Emmissive Power (SEP) are proposed and discussed based on a large number of large-scale and small-scale experiments using Di-tert-butylperoxide (DTBP) as a liquid OP and heptane as a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Finally, CFD simulations are used to predict the fireball parameters: diameter, duration, height and SEP. Also the impact on the German storage regulations for organic peroxides are discussed.
Fireballs of liquid organic peroxides differ from those of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Modified equations for predicting the fireball diameter, height, surface emissive power and the duration in dependence of the fuel mass are presented for di-tert-butyl peroxide. They base on 13 steel drum tests with fuel masses from 10 kg to 168 kg. Moreover, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed using the laminar flamelet approach and a statistically turbulence treatment. Fireballs involving peroxide from 10 kg to 80 kg were simulated and their properties compared to the experimentally developed models. The deviations of each property are partially compensating each other leading to an adequate prediction of thermal safety distances for both, a time-independent and a time-averaged treatment. Simulations prove to be a good tool for predicting thermal radiation hazards of fireball scenarios.