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- FEM, concrete, mesoscale (1) (entfernen)
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Concrete is one of the most important building materials world wide. The safety of constructions build from concrete is of utmost importance in daily life. As a consequence, accurate predictions of the structural behavior over the entire lifetime of concrete structures are required to ensure a prescribed safety level. A lack of exact models and/or stochastically varying constitutive parameters are compensated by large safety factors.
The nonlinear structural performance is strongly related to the constitutive behavior of concrete. Arbitrary complex models can be used to describe the macroscopic constitutive behavior of concrete. The parameters in these models often lack any physical meaning. Consequently, the fitting can only be performed by an inverse analysis. In contrast, models on finer scales are able to simulate the physical phenomena more accurately and are thus better suited to understand the failure mechanisms. In addition, the macroscopically observed strong nonlinearities can at least partially be explained by the direct modeling of the material heterogeneities on finer scales.
The presentation discusses several phenomena that are strongly related to the internal microstructure of concrete. This includes the discrepancy between the unique results of a numerical model and the stochastic scatter observed in real experiments. A short discussion on the generation of random mesoscale geometries to model aggregates and mortar matrix explicitly and random fields are given. The strong nonlinearities especially for stresses close to the peak strength are usually the result of failure in the mortar matrix or the interfacial transition zone, whereas the aggregates are inert and often can accurately be modeled by a linear elastic model. The different constitutive properties lead to eigenstresses that strongly in uence the macroscopic behavior. In addition, this effect is even more pronounced when dealing with multiphysics phenomena such as drying, creep and shrinkage, fatigue or thermal problems. It will be demonstrated for several examples that simple models on the fine scale can be superimposed and coupled to obtain a macroscopically nonlinear behavior, where the superposition principle does not hold any longer. Finally, a short discussion on upscaling techniques to couple mesoscale models with large scale structural problems is given.