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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Volume fraction determination of discretely oriented disc-shaped precipitates in transmission mode
(2017)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine Formel zur Berechnung des Volumenantei ls dis kret orientierter scheibenförmiger Phasen für die Untersuchung im Transmissionsmodus hergeleitet, validiert und mit bereits veröffent lichen Formeln verglichen. Bei diesem Ver gleich konnte gezeigt werden,dass die in zahl reichen Veröffentlichungen benutzte Formel von E. E. Underwood für die Volumenanteils bestimmungbeidiskret orientierten Ausschei dungsphasen nicht benutzt werden sollte, da sie den Volumenanteil deutlich unterschätzt.
Die Ursache liegt in der von E.E. Underwood getroffenen Annahme, dass die kreisförmigen Scheiben regellos angeordnet und nicht aus gerichtet sind, was in Al-Legierungen in der Regel nicht der Fall ist.
In the field of animal species differentiation, work on standardizing methods has been intensified in Germany in recent years, not least due to the horsemeat scandal in 2013. Even though there are now hardly ever any positive findings anymore in examinations to detect horse adulterations in foods such as lasagne, animal species differentiation altogether ranks high in detecting adulteration of foods. This article, therefore, summarises the current status of analytical techniques used in Germany with standardization at German level. It has been established by the working group "Biochemical and Molecular Biological Analytics" of the Lebensmittelchemische Gesellschaft (Food Chemistry Society within the German Chemical Society) with support of experts in the working group “Molecular biology techniques for differentiating plant and animal species" (§64 of the German Food and Feed Code - LFGB) and the "Immunology and molecular biology" task force of the food hygiene and food of animal origin working group (ALTS), both from Germany.
In the KonSens Project, sensor systems are developed, validated, and operated in form of functional models for the application areas Structure Integrated Sensors and Mobile Multi-gas Sensors. Key aspects are the detection and evaluation of corrosion processes in reinforced concrete structures as well as the detection and quantification of very low concentrations of toxic gases in air. The adaption of sensor principles from the lab into real-life application including appropriate communication techniques is a major task.
In recent years, Structural Health Monitoring have gained in importance, since growing age of buildings and infrastructure as well as increasing load requirements demand for reliable surveillance methods. In this regard, the project follows two strategies: First, the development and implementation of completely embedded sensor systems consisting of RFID-tag and in situ sensors, and their further application potential (e.g. for precast concrete elements, roadways, wind power plants, and maritime structures). Secondly, the development of a long-term stable, miniaturized, fiber optic sensor for a ratiometric and referenced measurement of the pH-value in concrete based on fluorescence detection as an indicator for carbonation and corrosion.
Environmental pollution through emission of toxic gases becomes an increasing problem not only in agriculture (e.g. biogas plants) and industry but also in urban areas. This leads to increasing demand to monitor environmental emissions as well as ambient air and industrial air components in many scenarios and in even lower concentrations than nowadays. The selectivity of luminescence-based sensors is enabled by the combination of the sensing dye and the material, which is used as accumulation medium for concentration of the analyte. This principle allows for developing gas sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity of defined substances. Additional benefits, particularly of fluorescence-based sensors, are their capability for miniaturization and potential multiplex mode. Objective is the development and implementation of sensors based on fluorescence detection for defined toxic gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, ozone, and benzene) with sensitivity in the low ppm or even ppb range. Additionally, the integration of such sensors in mobile sensor devices is addressed.
Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die Thematik der flammgeschützten Polyurethanwerkstoffe, d.h. thermoplastisches und elastomeres Polyurethan (TPU, PUR), PUR Hard- und Weichschäume, PUR Coatings. Die Werkstoffcharakteristika wie Pyrolyse, effektive Verbrennungswärme, Rückstandsausbeute, Verarbeitungsparameter und kg-Preis definieren die Anforderungen an Flammschutzlösungen. Der Flammschutz ist spezifisch für das Material ausgelegt, aber auch für die verschiedenen Anwendungen (Automobilbau, Schienenfahrzeuge, Bauwesen, Elektrotechnik, usw.), d.h. um verschiedene Brandtests zu bestehen. Die Pyrolyse und das Brandverhalten von PUR und PUR-Schäumen sowie der flammgeschützten Varianten wird diskutiert. Die gängigen Flammschutzmittel(-kombinationen) für PUR Hard- und Weichschaum sowie thermoplastisches und elastomeres PUR werden zusammengefasst.