Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (3)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (2)
- Vortrag (2)
Schlagworte
- Distribution function (2)
- Assessment (1)
- Atemluftflaschen (1)
- Composite (1)
- Composite cylinder (1)
- Composite cylinders (1)
- Cylinder (1)
- End of life (1)
- Erdgas- und Wasserstofffahrzeuge (1)
- Faserverbundwerkstoffe (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (2)
Emergency response units increasingly use pressure cylinders made from fibre composites for breathing air as elements of personal protective equipment (PPE). Such applications expose the composite cylinders to harsh temperature and handling conditions. At least in Europe, standards have been used for certifying PPE, which are designed and mandatory for the approval of pressure receptacles for the transport of dangerous goods. Therefore, service conditions specific to PPEs are not accounted for in these standards. In this paper, BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) investigates the residual safety of a composite cylinder design at the end of their designated service life of 15 years. The cylinders (test pressure PH 450 bars; 6.8 Litres) are of one design type with aluminium liner and fully wrapped with carbon fibres, which is commonly considered a “Type III” cylinder. All cylinders were used as PPE by the Berlin fire department and randomly picked in three samples of 25 cylinders each before tested.
At BAM, the cylinder samples underwent hydraulic load cycle tests (LCT), conventional burst tests (BT) and so called slow burst tests (SBT). A concept for quantification of strength degradation already introduced by BAM was applied. This concept is based on a probabilistic assessment of the average strength and scatter of each sample of cylinders. The strength distributions of the used PPEcylinders is shown and analysed. Some unexpected effects are shown and a refinement of the statistical assessment is introduced.
Composite materials show a degradation of properties depending on service life. This creates the necessity to find tailored methods to determine strength and residual strength of composite cylinders. The determination can be done e.g. by load cycles tests. The result needs a statistical assessment for the precise description of strength. Especially the statistical assessment of load cycle strength properties has a high uncertainty. It is unclear if a Log-Normal distribution, a WEIBULL distribution or others, describe the scatter behaviour of residual strength properties correctly.
Distribution functions aim at approximating the frequency of occurrence of residual load cycle strength for high survival rates. An assumption has to be found and confirmed to prevent over-estimation of reliability.
Applications by fire brigades expose the composite cylinders to harsh temperature and handling conditions. Standards have been used for certifying composite cylinders, which are designed for transport of dangerous goods and do not reflect service conditions specific to fire brigades. In this paper, the residual safety of a design type (fully wrapped with aluminum and carbon fiber composite) at the end of their service life of 15 yrs is analyzed. One sample underwent hydraulic load cycle (LC) tests, another conventional burst tests, and the third slow burst tests (SBTs). The statistical evaluation and the handling of an unexpected high amount of early failures are shown.
Composite-Druckgefäße kommen auch in Atemschutzgeräten als persönliche Schutzausrüstung (PSA) zunehmend zum Einsatz und sind dabei außergewöhnlich rauen Betriebsbedingungen ausgesetzt. Da diese durch die angewendeten Normen nominell nicht umfassend abgedeckt sind, wurden die End-of-Life-Restfestigkeiten untersucht. Die untersuchten drei Stichproben bestehen aus je 25 im Feuerwehrbetrieb über 15 Jahre gealterten Composite-Atemluftflaschen eines Baumusters. Mit diesen Restfestigkeitsuntersuchungen wird am Beispiel den Fragen nachgegangen, ob dieses Baumuster statistisch eine ausreichende Sicherheit am Lebensende aufweist und welche Verteilungsfunktionen die Ergebnisse am besten beschreiben. Methodisch kommen für die Prüfung eine konventionelle Berstprüfung, das Konzept der BAM für eine langsamen Berstprüfung und die hydraulische Lastwechselprüfung zur Anwendung. Das Ergebnis zeigt für das Baumuster hinreichende Sicherheit; aber auch die besondere Bedeutung der sog. Frühausfälle für die Statistik und den Bedarf an einer entsprechend auf die Frühausfälle ausgerichteten, zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethode.