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Until today, the optical inspection of rotor blades by industrial climbers is considered state of the art. However, both more and larger rotor blades and the increasing digitalization of maintenance work make modern inspection methods increasingly necessary. In this context, passive thermography can serve as a useful digital technique for in-service inspection of wind turbine blades. Unlike active thermography, this inspection method does not require an active heat source but takes advantage of heating by the sun and diurnal temperature fluctuations. This allows inspections from the ground during operation and does not require shutting down the wind turbine. However, an inspection with passive thermography is highly weather dependent. Thus, the already weak thermal signatures formed due to internal structures and possible internal damage are only strong enough under certain weather conditions.
To obtain meaningful inspection results despite the relatively small thermal differences between intact and defective components, three aspects are crucial:
1. Measurements should be taken at the time of optimum weather conditions. It must be kept in mind that different internal damage will be revealed by thermal signatures under different weather conditions.
2. The thermal signature of the rotor blades, including possible damages, must be simulated with FEM simulations. In this way, the influence of different weather conditions can be predicted but also understood in the aftermath.
3. The temperature differences between identically designed and assembled rotor blades must be considered to analyze variations between blades.
This work will address all these aspects and show, based on field measurements under industrial conditions (exemplarily shown in figure 1), laboratory measurements and FEM simulations, which steps must be taken to establish passive thermography as an industrial inspection method.