Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (11) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (11) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Modellierung (11) (entfernen)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (1)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (11)
Following to a brief introduction of BAM the procedures are explained how to prepare reference materials in analytical chemistry. Examples are given for collecting and presenting data in welding, thermomechanical properties and tribology. The use of data for modelling safety in technology and chemistry is demonstrated. Finally there is in outlook on the World Materials Research Institut Forum (WMRIF) and recommendations for action.
“Neutrons are a powerful tool” say the neutron scientists. However the use of neutrons remains sometimes disconnected from the practical problems of Materials Science, and facilities themselves are seen as ivory towers.
In this presentation, I will give an overview of the modalities of access to Large Scale facilities, and show a couple of examples on how neutron scattering data on engineering materials can be used as a tool to understand, and even tailor, materials performance.
In order for this to happen, it is clear that neutron data need to be
1. Acquired under the most relevant condition possible
2. Coupled to other experimental techniques
3. Capitalized by means of proper simulations and data analysis
Point 1- calls for an intense use and the development of top-notch of in-situ techniques; Point 2- means that the sole use of neutron data will not lead to any solution of a global problem; All points above hint to the fact that access to neutron sources is not routine, and therefore it is imperative to search ways to make neutron data rentable for the material science and industrial research community.
In this project, the transfer of material and computational models to a different material class, i. e. to an austenitic cast iron with spherical graphite, was studied to predict the lifetime of exhaust turbocharger hot parts under TMF load. Therefore, the alloy EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2 (Ni-Resist D-5S) was chosen. Firstly, an experimental database was established for this material because it was insufficient at the beginning of the project. Tensile, creep, LCF and TMF tests were carried out, which served the calibration of the models. The TMF tests were used to validate the deformation model.
The investigated material showed a strongly deviating behavior under TMF conditions compared to the ferritic SiMo alloys investigated in the previous project: Ni-Resist exhibited a comparable strength under OP- and IP-TMF loading, while the ferritic alloys showed a distinct higher strength under IP-TMF load. Evidence for creep damage was found for Ni-Resist with increasing temperatures and hold times under tensile load. This is also a distinct difference to the SiMo alloys.
The stress-strain behavior of the LCF and TMF tests is well described by the model for the new material in most cases. The same is true for the lifetime prediction, which is within a factor of two, except for 900 °C. The model was verified by a thermal shock test of an exhaust man-ifold. The aim of the simulation was in particular to predict the crack locations. An accurate prediction of the cycle number was not expected, as the component is afflicted with a casting skin, while the test pieces were not. The predominant number of experimentally determined locations were predicted.
A fundamental objective of this project was to study the effect of HCF vibrations on the TMF lifetime experimentally in further detail and to extend the existing lifetime model to account for superimposed HCF load. In a first step, the database of the previous project based on SiMo 4.05 was considerably extended to determine the different influencing parameters. A proce-dure was developed which reproduces the lifetime reduction by the superimposed HCF vibra-tions during a TMF cycle. It is assumed that the superimposed HCF load accelerates the crack propagation considerably after exceeding a certain crack length. The time when the accelera-tion occurs, is significant for the lifetime reduction. This approach allows predicting the lifetimes in good agreement with the experiments for both materials.
For how trivial or provocative it can sound, the best neutron spectrometer in the world does not produce science by itself. By definition of Materials Science, neutron scattering data on engineering materials must be used as a tool to understand, and even tailor, materials performance. In order for this to happen, it is clear that neutron data need to be acquired under the most relevant condition possible, coupled to other experimental techniques, and capitalized by means of proper simulations and data analysis.
In fact, access to neutron sources is not routine. Consequently, it is imperative to search ways to make neutron data rentable for the material science and industrial research community.
In this presentation, and based on the example of Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filters and Aluminum Matrix Composites, we will show a couple of strategies to combine neutron data with other experiments, and with theoretical models. Their combination allows raising the value of experiments from data production to problem-solving. Obviously, these are only a few among the many combinations possible to help improving materials properties, performance, and safety.
Beim Ansprechen von Sicherheitseinrichtungen werden unter Druck stehende Gase als Freistrahl freigesetzt. Die Abmessung des daraus resultierenden Gefährdungsbereiches ergibt sich durch den Vergleich mit einem Grenzwert, wie z. B. der unteren Zündgrenze.
Die Berechnung des Freistrahles wird im Allgemeinen durch empirische oder Integralmodelle durchgeführt. Hierbei wird jedoch angenommen, dass die Freisetzungsdauer ausreichend lang ist, damit der Freistrahl einen stationären Zustand erreicht. Ist die Freisetzungsdauer durch ein kurzes Ansprechen der Druckentlastungseinrichtung oder einer geringen zur Verfügung stehenden Gasmenge nur kurz, stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern der resultierende Freistrahl die durch die stationäre Annahme in den Modellen berechneten Längen überhaupt noch erreicht, bzw. ab welcher Freisetzungsdauer von einem stationären Strahl ausgegangen werden kann.
Um diese Fragestellung zu untersuchen wurden CFD Berechnungen durchgeführt. Variiert wurden hierbei die Gasdichte (unterschiedliche Stoffe), die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit, der Austrittsdurchmesser und die Freisetzungsdauer. Basierend auf diesen Untersuchungen wird diskutiert, ob eine Korrelation zwischen den Austrittsparametern und der Dauer bis zum Erreichen der Stationarität abgeleitet werden kann. Diese Korrelation ermöglicht dann aus den Ergebnissen der stationären Freistrahlmodelle, Aussagen für sehr kurze Freisetzungszeiträume zu treffen.