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Commercial, off-the shelf propane cylinders are subjected to high safety regulations. Furthermore, those cylinders are equipped with safety devices like pressure relief valves (PRV).
Nevertheless, a failure of the container is possible in case of being exposed to an intensive fire. The result of this is severe hazard for users. rescue forces and infrastructure. Within the framework of a destructive test series, 15 identical propane cylinders have been exposed to an intensive fire in horizontal position. The cylinders were not equipped with a pressure relief device. Each cylinder was filled with a mass of m = 11 kg of liquid propane. Three different types of fire have been used (wood. petrol. propane). The experiments reveal the failure of all cylinders in a time period t < 155 s. The failure leading to a fragmentation into up to seven major parts with throwing distances of up to I = 262 m. In all trials, the temperature of the cylinder wall (three positions). of the liquid phase inside and of the surrounding fire (three positions) was recorded. Furthermore the inner cylinder pressure and the induced overpressure of the pressure wave after the failure were recorded. Overpressures in the close-up range (I= 5 m) of up top=0.27 bar were recorded. All tests were documented by video from several positions (general view, close-up, high-speed 5000 fps). This test series creates the basis for further experimental studies in the field of alternative fuels for vehicles. The aim of this test series is to assess and analyse the consequences of the failure of gas vessels (for LPG. CNG, CGH2) in the aftermath of severe incidents.
Hydrogen is a central component of the energy transition and the European Green Deal for a climate-neutral Europe. To be able to achieve the targets defined by 2045, the EU and the German government have drafted a framework for action and are making long-term investments in research, development and the rapid implementation of innovative hydrogen technologies.
The conditions for a successful energy transition and the economic use of green hydrogen as a clean energy carrier are Hydrogen readiness and a rapid market ramp-up, as well as the establishment of the necessary value chains in the national and European framework. Reliable quality and safety standards are the prerequisite for ensuring safety of supply and environmental compatibility and for creating trust in these technologies.
BAM has bundled its expertise in the field of hydrogen technologies into a competence center H2Safety@BAM to create confidence in the technology and to support the hydrogen strategies of the German government and the EU. The topic of hydrogen has been current at BAM for more than one hundred years and is also currently the focus of numerous research and cooperation activities. The competence centre H2Safety@BAM and its vision of “We build trust in hydrogen technologies” will be presented with its many safety-related topics, which can be found throughout the entire hydrogen value chain. Two deep dives will present the results on projects dealing with the design-to-cost issue of classical pressurized gas storage containments and the consequences of the release of liquid hydrogen, which will be roughly compared to the release of ammonia.