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Polypropylene supports were functionalized by plasma-deposition of polymeric allylamine layers. The surface amino groups generated were wet-chemically reacted with xanthene dyes resulting in fluorescent polymer films. The effect of polymer-attachment of the dyes on their emission features was studied fluorometrically and different methods were tested to improve the fluorescence properties of the films. Modification with cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) yields a moderately enhanced fluorescence as well as an improved photostability. The observed effect is most likely due to CB6-induced rigidization of the linker molecules which seems to reduce fluorescence quenching dyedye and fluorophoresurface interactions.
We introduce a method to determine the number of accessible functional groups on a polymer microsphere surface based on the interaction between the macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and a guest reacted to the microsphere surface. After centrifugation, CB7 in the supernatant is quantified by addition of a fluorescent dye. The difference between added and detected CB7 affords the number of accessible surface functional groups.
We present a novel, simple, and fast colorimetric method to quantify the total number of carboxy groups on polymer microparticle and nanoparticle surfaces. This method exploits that small divalent transition metal cations (M2+ = Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+) are efficiently bound to these surface functional groups, which allows their extraction by a single centrifugation step. Remaining M2+ in the supernatant is subsequently quantified spectrophotometrically after addition of the metal ion indicator pyrocatechol violet, for which Ni2+ was identified to be the most suitable transition metal cation. We demonstrate that the difference between added and detected M2+ is nicely correlated to the number of surface carboxy groups as determined by conductometry, thereby affording a validated measure for the trueness of this procedure. The variation coefficient of ~5% found in reproducibility studies underlines the potential of this novel method that can find conceivable applications for the characterization of different types of poly(carboxylic acid)-functionalized materials, e.g., for quality control by manufacturers of such materials.