Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2021 (598) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (598) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (542)
- Deutsch (52)
- Russisch (2)
- Italienisch (1)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Quantum yield (17)
- Additive manufacturing (16)
- Fluorescence (15)
- MALDI-TOF MS (14)
- Quality assurance (13)
- Polylactide (12)
- Dye (11)
- Mechanical properties (11)
- Photophysics (11)
- SAXS (11)
- Sensor (11)
- Electron microscopy (10)
- Imaging (10)
- Non-destructive testing (10)
- Ultrasound (10)
- Corrosion (9)
- Lifetime (9)
- Mechanism (9)
- Nanoparticles (9)
- Concrete (8)
- Crystallization (8)
- Laser powder bed fusion (8)
- Optical probe (8)
- Steel (8)
- EBSD (7)
- Immunoassay (7)
- Laser beam welding (7)
- Mechanochemistry (7)
- Microstructure (7)
- Nanomaterial (7)
- Raman spectroscopy (7)
- Additive Manufacturing (6)
- NIR (6)
- Residual stresses (6)
- Wear (6)
- Alkali-activated materials (5)
- Cancer (5)
- Computed tomography (5)
- Fatigue (5)
- Gefahrstoffverordnung (5)
- Machine learning (5)
- Microscopy (5)
- Nano (5)
- PH (5)
- Photoluminescence (5)
- Reliability (5)
- Residual stress (5)
- Single particle (5)
- Synthesis (5)
- Welding (5)
- AFM (4)
- Aggregation (4)
- Aging (4)
- Arbeitsschutz (4)
- Biocides (4)
- Bottom ash (4)
- Brightness (4)
- Density functional theory (4)
- ELISA (4)
- Gefahrstoffe (4)
- Hybrid mixtures (4)
- Hydrogen (4)
- ICP-MS (4)
- Lanthanide (4)
- MRI (4)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (4)
- Metrology (4)
- Neutron radiography (4)
- Particle (4)
- Schutzmaßnahmen (4)
- TED-GC/MS (4)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (4)
- X-ray scattering (4)
- XANES (4)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (4)
- Additive Fertigung (3)
- Antibiotics (3)
- Benchmarking (3)
- Bridge (3)
- CCS (3)
- Catalyst (3)
- Cement (3)
- Copper (3)
- Core-shell particles (3)
- Corrosion fatigue (3)
- Defects (3)
- Diffusion (3)
- Dust explosions (3)
- Energetic materials (3)
- Flame retardant (3)
- Friction (3)
- High alloyed steel (3)
- Industry 4.0 (3)
- Ink analysis (3)
- LA-ICP-MS (3)
- Label (3)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (3)
- Lithium (3)
- MIC (3)
- Mass Spectrometry (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Mass spectrometry (3)
- Metabolomics (3)
- Metallic glass (3)
- Method (3)
- Mikroplastik (3)
- Minimum ignition temperature (3)
- Mixed ink (3)
- Monitoring (3)
- Mycotoxins (3)
- Nanomaterials (3)
- Nanoparticle (3)
- Neutron diffraction (3)
- Papyrus (3)
- Pattern matching (3)
- Phosphorus (3)
- Polycondensation (3)
- Polymerization (3)
- Polymers (3)
- Reference material (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Reporter (3)
- Ring-opening polymerization (3)
- SEM (3)
- SWIR (3)
- Safety (3)
- Schnelltests (3)
- Signal processing (3)
- Synchrotron radiation (3)
- Thin films (3)
- Ti-6Al-4V (3)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (3)
- VOC (3)
- XPS (3)
- 2D Materials (2)
- API (2)
- Acoustic-flow interaction (2)
- Adsorption (2)
- Air-coupled ultrasound (2)
- Al2O3 (2)
- Amorphous materials (2)
- Amoxicillin (2)
- Antikörper (2)
- Antimicrobial resistance (2)
- Archard's law (2)
- Artificial intelligence (2)
- Asbestabfall (2)
- Atomic force microscopy (2)
- Austenite-to-martensite transformation (2)
- Automation (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Bead (2)
- Biofilms (2)
- Biology (2)
- Bragg-edge imaging (2)
- Carbon capture and storage (2)
- Carbon dioxide (2)
- Carbon fibers (2)
- Carbon ink (2)
- Catalysis (2)
- Circular Economy (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- Classification (2)
- Comparability (2)
- Complex (2)
- Composites (2)
- Compressive strength (2)
- Construction products (2)
- Contrast agent (2)
- Crack detection (2)
- Creep (2)
- Creep-resistant steel (2)
- Crystal (2)
- DNA (2)
- Damage (2)
- Data (2)
- Data processing (2)
- Debye–Waller factor (2)
- Digital Transformation (2)
- Diopsid (2)
- Directed energy deposition (2)
- Distortion (2)
- Dosimetry (2)
- Durability (2)
- Ectoine (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Electrochemistry (2)
- Electron diffraction (2)
- Electronic nose (2)
- Electronic structure (2)
- Emission test chamber (2)
- Encoding (2)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (2)
- Equations of state (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Excitation power density (2)
- Fertilizer (2)
- Fire resistance (2)
- Flame propagation (2)
- Flame retardancy (2)
- Flexible polyurethane foam (2)
- Flourescence (2)
- Fluorination (2)
- Food analysis (2)
- Fracture (2)
- Fracture toughness (2)
- Fuel cell (2)
- Gas explosions (2)
- Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) (2)
- Geant4 (2)
- Geant4-DNA (2)
- Gefahrstofflagerung (2)
- Glass (2)
- Graphene (2)
- HPLC (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Heat release rate (2)
- High entropy alloy (2)
- High-entropy alloy (2)
- High-performance concrete (2)
- High-power laser beam welding (2)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (2)
- Human serum (2)
- Hybrid laser arc welding (2)
- Hybrid welding (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- Image processing (2)
- In situ real-time monitoring (2)
- Instrumentation (2)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (2)
- Interlaboratory comparison (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Iron (2)
- Iron-gall ink (2)
- Isotope dilution (2)
- Kikuchi diffraction (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- LEE (2)
- LIF (2)
- Lab-on-a-chip (2)
- Lagerung (2)
- Laminography (2)
- Laser ablation (2)
- Laser metal deposition (2)
- Laser welding (2)
- Life science (2)
- Llifetime (2)
- Low energy electrons (2)
- Low transformation temperature (LTT) steel (2)
- Low-cost (2)
- Lubricants (2)
- Luminescence (2)
- Magnetic field (2)
- Material moisture (2)
- Measurement uncertainty (2)
- Medicine (2)
- Messunsicherheit (2)
- Metal mixing (2)
- Metal-organic frameworks (2)
- Metaproteomics (2)
- Microbially induced corrosion (2)
- Microdosimetry (2)
- Microfluidics (2)
- Modelling (2)
- Modular Production (2)
- Moisture (2)
- Moisture transport (2)
- Molecular imaging (2)
- Monomer (2)
- Multi-physical modelling (2)
- Multiplexing (2)
- NAP-XPS (2)
- NMR relaxometry (2)
- Nanocomposites (2)
- Nanoindentation (2)
- Nanoparticle concentration (2)
- Neutron imaging (2)
- Neutron scattering (2)
- Nickel alloys (2)
- Nontarget analysis (2)
- Nucleation (2)
- Offshore (2)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (2)
- PCA (2)
- Particles (2)
- Phase diagrams (2)
- Phase-field simulation (2)
- Pipe manufacturing (2)
- Plasticity (2)
- Polyethylene (2)
- Porous materials (2)
- Process control (2)
- Prozessanalytik (2)
- Prozessindustrie (2)
- Quick-EXAFS (2)
- Radar (2)
- Radiation damage (2)
- Radiation protection (2)
- Reference data (2)
- Refill friction stir spot welding (2)
- Regulation (2)
- Residual stress analysis (2)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (2)
- Roughness (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Sample preparation (2)
- Security (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Shear bands (2)
- Sialic acid (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Simvastatin (2)
- Single-crystals (2)
- Sintering (2)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Standards (2)
- Structural health monitoring (2)
- Sulfur (2)
- Surface (2)
- Surface functionalization (2)
- TOPAS (2)
- TOPAS-nbio (2)
- TRGS 510 (2)
- TXRF (2)
- Textile-reinforced concrete (2)
- Theory (2)
- Thermal conductivity (2)
- Thermal treatment (2)
- Thermography (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Tomography (2)
- Toughening mechanisms (2)
- Traceability (2)
- Train passage (2)
- Transmission electron microscopy (2)
- Uncertainty (2)
- Validation (2)
- Water (2)
- Weathering (2)
- Weld defects (2)
- Widerstandspunktschweißen (2)
- X-ray (2)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- 1-indanol (1)
- 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) steel (1)
- 100Cr6 steel (1)
- 13CO2 pulse labeling (1)
- 2-propanol oxidation (1)
- 20L-sphere (1)
- 3D etching (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D printed hydrogel (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (1)
- 4-Dimensional scanning transmission (1)
- 4D tomographic data (1)
- 9-12%Cr steel (1)
- A-DNA conformation (1)
- AAS (1)
- AC magnetic field (1)
- ACEnano (1)
- ADA-GEL (1)
- ADMM (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AISI 316L (1)
- AM 316L stainless steel (1)
- ASTM (1)
- AZ31 (1)
- Ab initio simulation (1)
- Abdichtbauwerk / Verschlussbauwerk (1)
- Abrasive wear (1)
- Absolute adsorption (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Academic Software (1)
- Accelerated carbonation (1)
- Accreditation (1)
- Acetylen (1)
- Acid resistance (1)
- Acoustic emission analysis (1)
- Acoustic sensing (1)
- Acoustic virial coefficients (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Active thermal imaging (1)
- Active thermography (1)
- Adhesion by mechanical interlocking (1)
- Adhesive bonding (1)
- Adiabatic Flame Temperatures (1)
- Adsorbed water layer thickness (1)
- Advanced high strength steels (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced materials (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity chromatography (1)
- Afterglow (1)
- Agar (1)
- Agglomerates (1)
- Aggregation induced emission (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Air quality monitoring (1)
- Air-coupled (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Aktorik (1)
- Al alloys (1)
- Al-Cu alloy (1)
- AlCl (1)
- AlMg0.7SiTiB filler wire (1)
- Alcohol electrooxidation (1)
- Algorithms (1)
- Alkali and alkaline earth silicate and borate glass (1)
- Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion (1)
- Alkali-activated binders (1)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (1)
- Alkyd resin-based coating (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Alloy morphology (1)
- Alternating co-poly(ether pyridine)s (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amorpher Kohlenstoff (1)
- Amorphization (1)
- Amorphous Zinc phosphate (1)
- Amorphous carbon (1)
- Amperometry (1)
- Amphiphilicity (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytical scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Aniline (1)
- Animal slurry (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Anode (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Anthracene schiff base (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial coatings (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody quantification (1)
- Antiepileptika (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antihistaminika (1)
- Antimicrobial materials (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimicrobial testing (1)
- Application (1)
- Aptamere (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Aquifer fluid (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Archaeometry (1)
- Aromatic (1)
- Aromatic organic compounds, (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Artificial ageing (1)
- Artificial neural network (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- As-built LPBF IN718 alloy (1)
- As-shielded arc welding (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaques (1)
- Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (1)
- Atmospheric boundary layer (1)
- Atmospheric exposure (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic force microscope (1)
- Atomistic simulations (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- AuNP (1)
- Ausführung (1)
- Austenite-to-martensite phase transformation (1)
- Austenitic stainless steel (1)
- Autoantibodies (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automatisierung (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- Automotive (1)
- Automotive engineering (1)
- Axle impulses (1)
- Axle sequence (1)
- BAMline (1)
- BLEVE (1)
- BOFS (1)
- BOS (1)
- Bags (1)
- Ballast track (1)
- Band gap (1)
- Base damage (1)
- Base loss (1)
- Basic oxygen furnace slag (1)
- Batteries (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Bauwerksmonitoring (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bayesian technique (1)
- Bbeverages (1)
- Behmite (1)
- Bench-scale fire resistance (1)
- Bending (1)
- Bestandsbauwerke (1)
- Beta decay (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Beton (1)
- Betonfahrbahndecke (1)
- Bildgebende Darstellung (1)
- Bimetallic alloy (1)
- Binary mixtures CO2 + O2 (1)
- Binder Jetting (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioapatite (1)
- Biochemische Sensoren (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biocide tolerance (1)
- Bioconjugate (1)
- Biodegradable implant (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biogene Schwefelsäurekorrosion (1)
- Biogenic acid corrosion (1)
- Bioimaging (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biophotonics (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Biosourced isosorbide (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Bisphenol-A (1)
- Bistable fluidic amplifier (1)
- Bitumen (1)
- Bituminous binders (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Blended cement (1)
- Blended learning (1)
- Block regularization (1)
- Blood-brain barrier (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Borehole (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Borosilicate glass (1)
- Boson peak (1)
- Boundary lubrication (1)
- Brachytherapy (1)
- Brain (1)
- Brandschutz (1)
- Brandversuche (1)
- Brazil nut Mesocarp (1)
- Brick clay (1)
- Bridge vibration (1)
- Brillouin distributed sensing (1)
- Brittle fracture (1)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Building material (1)
- Building materials (1)
- Bulge effect (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- CAFTP (1)
- CALPHAD (1)
- CCQM (Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance) (1)
- CFD-Simulation (1)
- CIC (1)
- CO2/N2 ratio (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- CRM (1)
- CT (1)
- Cable tray fire (1)
- Cables (1)
- Cabon capture and storage (1)
- Calcined clay (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium carbonates (1)
- Calcium phosphate bone cement (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calculated intrinsic fracture toughness (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Cancellation (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Cancer cells (1)
- Cancer treatment (1)
- Canny approach (1)
- Cantilever microprobe (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon black (1)
- Carbon capture storage (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (1)
- Carbon fibres (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon steel (1)
- Carbonation behaviour (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cascade impactor (1)
- Casing (1)
- Cassical nucleation theory (1)
- Catalyst Layer (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- CdSe/ZnS quantum Dots (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cellular substructure (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Cement matrix (1)
- Cement paste (1)
- Ceramic matrix composites (1)
- Ceramics (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Certification (1)
- Certified reference material (1)
- Cetirizine (1)
- Chapetti’s and IBESS model (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Characterization of corrosion layers (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Charge-to-size-ratio (1)
- Charged dyes (1)
- Charring (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chemical synthesis (1)
- Chemical vapor deposition (1)
- Chemisches Recycling (1)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (1)
- Chemodosimeter (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chip (1)
- Chloride (1)
- Chlorides (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chloroanilines (1)
- Chlorogenic acid (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Citrullinated (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Cladding Embrittlement (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Closed vessel combustion (1)
- Clustered nanoparticles (1)
- Coating (1)
- Coating materials (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (1)
- Coda wave interferometry (1)
- Coefficient of friction (1)
- Color (1)
- Color tuning (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Comparative operational characteristics (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Complex systems (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Component assessment (1)
- Composite (1)
- Composite Pipes (1)
- Composite recycling (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compositionally complex alloy (1)
- Compression effect (1)
- Computational fluid dynamics (1)
- Computed Tomography (1)
- Concentration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Concrete beam (1)
- Concrete drying (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Construction (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Contact mechanics (1)
- Contact resonance (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Control strategy (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Convolutional neural network (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Core-shell (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Corona-Selbsttest (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Correlative analysis (1)
- Corrosion protection (1)
- Corrosion resistance (1)
- Cr(III) (1)
- Crack growth (1)
- Crack growth in air (1)
- Cracking (1)
- Cracks (1)
- Cross laminography (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Crystal plasticity (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- Cuprorivait (1)
- Cuprorivaite (1)
- Cutting forces (1)
- Cyanine (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical systems (1)
- Cyclic R-curve (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclohexanone peroxide (1)
- Cycloparaphenylenes (1)
- D7755-11 (1)
- DAS (1)
- DCB (1)
- DFT (1)
- DFT calculations (1)
- DIBt (1)
- DIRECTT (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DOPO (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- Damage detection (1)
- Damage functions (1)
- Damage tolerance (1)
- Dangerous goods (1)
- Dangerous goods packagings (1)
- Dark fermentation (1)
- Darkfield imaging (1)
- Data curation (1)
- Data science (1)
- Data-integration (1)
- Date center (1)
- Decision theory (1)
- Deep learning segmentation (1)
- Deep penetration (1)
- Defect evaluation (1)
- Defects engineering (1)
- Deformation mechanisms (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Dense gas dispersion (1)
- Density measurements (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Density-based Thermodynamics (1)
- Density-based model (1)
- Densty-based Thermodynamics (1)
- Dental (1)
- Deposition microstructure (1)
- Desert ecology (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Detection (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Diagenesis (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Diesel Particulate Filter Materials (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Diffraction elastic constants (1)
- Diffraction-elastic constants (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Diffusible hydrogen (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Digital Radiography (1)
- Digital image correlation (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Digitaler Zwilling (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Diluent additions (1)
- Dimorphs (1)
- Direct Energy Deposition (1)
- Direct alcohol fuel cells (1)
- Direct damage (1)
- Direct laser deposition (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (1)
- Direct laser writing (1)
- Discharge arc (1)
- Discotic liquid crystals (1)
- Disinfection (1)
- Dislocation avalanches (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Dispersion process (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (1)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensing (1)
- Distributed fiber sensing (1)
- Distributed fibre optic sensor (1)
- Distributed humidity sensing (1)
- Distribution of relaxation times analysis (1)
- Dityrosine (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Documentation (1)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Drawings (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- Dry DNA (1)
- Dry preparation (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye loading optimisation (1)
- Dye release (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- EFQM Excellence Modell (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- EPMA (1)
- ETV (1)
- EVA (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Ecodesign (1)
- Economic analysis (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Education (1)
- Effective gas diffusion coefficient (1)
- Egyptian blue (1)
- Elastic Crystal (1)
- Elastic constants (1)
- Elastic energy (1)
- Elastic membrane (1)
- Elastodynamic Finite Inegration Technique (1)
- Elastoplastic material parameters (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrical insulators (1)
- Electrocatalysis (1)
- Electrochemical cells (1)
- Electrochemical energy conversion (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectra (1)
- Electrochemical methods (1)
- Electrochemical permeation (1)
- Electrochemical real-time mass spectrometry (1)
- Electrochemical titration (1)
- Electrochemiluminiscence (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electrolyte membrane (1)
- Electromagnetic forces (1)
- Electromagnetic support (1)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (1)
- Electron beam melting (1)
- Electron beam welding (1)
- Electron microscopy, transmission (1)
- Electron spectroscopy (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electrophoresis (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektrochemilumineszenz (1)
- Elektrochemisch (1)
- Element mass concentration (1)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (1)
- Elemental analysis (1)
- Elevated temperatures (1)
- Embedded humidity sensors (1)
- Emerging contaminants (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissivity (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (1)
- Energy consumption (1)
- Energy dependent XPS (1)
- Energy deposit (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Engineered barrier (1)
- Engineered recycled mineral admixtures (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (1)
- Environmental effect (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (1)
- Enzyme activity (1)
- Epitaxy (1)
- Epoxy resin (1)
- Ergot alkaloids (1)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (1)
- Esterification (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Ethinylestradiol (1)
- Ethyl (diethoxymethyl)phosphinate derivatives (1)
- Ethylene-vinyl acetate (1)
- Eu (1)
- European Centre (1)
- European Metrology Networks (EMNs) (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Evaporite rock (1)
- Ex vivo (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Expandable graphite (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental (1)
- Experimental modelling (1)
- Exploding wire (1)
- Explosion (1)
- Explosion charasteristics (1)
- Explosion limits (1)
- Explosion overpressures (1)
- Explosion regimes (1)
- Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre (1)
- Explosivbearbeitung (Plattieren, Härten) (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAIR (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR-ATR (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Facade (1)
- Facade fire (1)
- Fachausschuss (1)
- Failure Mechanism (1)
- Failure mechanisms (1)
- Family archives (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (1)
- Fast single pulse response (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation threshold (1)
- Fatigue loading (1)
- Fatigue performance (1)
- Fe-N-C catalyst (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- Femtosecond laser (1)
- Fequency domain (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Feuerwerk (1)
- Fiber composites (1)
- Fiber reinforced dental post (1)
- Fiber-optic sensors (1)
- Fiberglass composite (1)
- Fibre bragg grating (1)
- Fibre optic sensors (1)
- Fibre/matrix bond (1)
- Fibre/matrix bonding (1)
- Filler wire mixing (1)
- Filter crucible (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite elements (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Fire (1)
- Fire protection (1)
- Fire protective coatings (1)
- Fire stability (1)
- Fire tests (1)
- Flammability (1)
- Flash DSC (1)
- Flash lamp (1)
- Flash thermography (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flexible (1)
- Floor heating (1)
- Flourescin (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flowability (1)
- Fluidic devices (1)
- Fluidics (1)
- Fluidity (1)
- Fluor (1)
- Fluoranthene (1)
- Fluorescein (1)
- Fluorine coordination polymers (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Flügel (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Food (1)
- Food Analysis (1)
- Food waste (1)
- Force-distance curves (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fracture mechanics (1)
- Fracture surfaces (1)
- Fuell cells (1)
- Full Notch Creep Test (1)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (1)
- Full-field phase tomography (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- Functional group analysis (1)
- Functional group quantification (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Functionally graded porous structure (1)
- Funkenarmes Werkzeug (1)
- Funkenfreies Werkzeug (1)
- Furniture (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GC/MS-MS (1)
- GD-MS (1)
- GD-OES (1)
- GDMS (1)
- Gadofosveset (1)
- Galvanized steel (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas concentration (1)
- Gas diffusion layers (1)
- Gas dispersion (1)
- Gas metal arc welding (1)
- Gas separation membranes (1)
- Gas shielded arc welding (1)
- Gas transport in porous media (1)
- Gasmesssystem (1)
- Gassensor (1)
- Gefahrenabwehr (1)
- Gefahrstofffreisetzungen (1)
- Gefahrstoffrecht (1)
- Gel (1)
- Gel electrolytes (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Geosynthetics (1)
- Geotextiles (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Geothermal energy (1)
- Geringe Gefährdung (1)
- Geruchsmessung (1)
- Gesteuerte Freisetzung (1)
- Ggadolinium (1)
- Glass Ceramic (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass ceramic (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymer (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (1)
- Glass fibre (1)
- Glass forming (1)
- Glass powder (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramics (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Gold Nanoparticles (1)
- Gold nanocubes (1)
- Grain Boundary Phase Diagram (1)
- Grain boundary phase diagram (1)
- Grain boundary thermodynamics (1)
- Grain refinement (1)
- Graphene oxide (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphhene (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Grease (1)
- Grease lubrication (1)
- Greens function method (1)
- Grignard reaction (1)
- Grignard-Reaktion (1)
- Ground Penetrating Radar (1)
- Ground penetrating radar (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Grouted connection (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Guided waves (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HIP (1)
- HKUST-1 (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- HT-PEFC (1)
- HT22 (1)
- Halloysite nanotubes (1)
- Hammer impact (1)
- Hard Carbon (1)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Hazardous substances (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- HeLa (1)
- Heat accumulation (1)
- Heat conduction (1)
- Heat transfer (1)
- Heat treatment (1)
- Heat-transfer Measurements (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Helium (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Heory (1)
- Hermopolis (1)
- Hertzian cracks (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High process speeds (1)
- High temperature corrosion (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-entropy alloys (1)
- High-pressure (1)
- High-pressure solubility (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- High-strength structural steel (1)
- High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)
- High-throughput computations (1)
- Highly permeably polynorbornenes (1)
- High‐nitrogen steel (1)
- History of Art (1)
- Hochfester Stahl (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Homogenization schemes (1)
- Host–guest systems (1)
- Hot Cracks (1)
- Hot stamping (1)
- Hot-pressing (1)
- Human Factors (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Hybrid materials (1)
- Hybrid metrology measurement (1)
- Hybrid mixture (1)
- Hydantoin (1)
- Hydrated DNA (1)
- Hydrated electron (1)
- Hydration (1)
- Hydration kinetics (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydration shell (1)
- Hydrazinolysis (1)
- Hydrocarbon fuel-air explosion (1)
- Hydrogarnet (1)
- Hydrogen Transfer Film (1)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (1)
- Hydrogen cryostorage (1)
- Hydrogen leakage (1)
- Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Hydrogen-assisted cracking (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrolysis (1)
- Hydrolytic resistance (1)
- Hydrophilic ionic liquid (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydrophobicity (1)
- Hydrothermal treatment (1)
- Hydroxyl radical (1)
- Hydroxylellestadite (1)
- Hyperarid (1)
- Hyperbranched (1)
- Hypothalamus (1)
- IAQ (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- IN725 (1)
- IR-Spektroskopie (1)
- IR-spectroscopy (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- ISO 22196 (1)
- ISO 23173 (1)
- ISO-Guide 35 (1)
- ISO/IEC 27001 (1)
- Identification and quantification of additives (1)
- Identifizierung von Additiven (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- Ignition source (1)
- Illitic clay (1)
- Image Quality (1)
- Image quality (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging Technique (1)
- Imaging XPS (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Impact (1)
- Impact Sensitivity (1)
- Impacts (1)
- Impedanz (1)
- Imperialist competitive algorithm (1)
- Impfstoffe (1)
- In situ monitoring (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-situ (1)
- In-situ process monitoring (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Inconel 939 (1)
- Incorrect classification (1)
- Indentation (1)
- Indirect damage (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Industry 4.0, (1)
- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy (1)
- Inert gas (1)
- Inerting effect (1)
- Influenza A virus (1)
- Information Security (1)
- Information security management system (ISMS) (1)
- Innenhydrophobierung (1)
- Innenraumluft (1)
- Insect biotechnology (1)
- Instandsetzung (1)
- Instantaneous wavenumber analysis (1)
- Institutional theory (1)
- Instrumental analysis of ink (1)
- Integrity management (1)
- Intelligent control (1)
- Inter layer time (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Interaction with atmospheres (1)
- Interactions (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interfaces (1)
- Interfacial anisotropy (1)
- Interfacial free energy (1)
- Interfacial shear strength (1)
- Interfacial stability (1)
- Interlaboratory key comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory test (1)
- Interlabority comparison (1)
- Intermetallic (1)
- Intermodulation AFM (1)
- Internal defects (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Intrinsically conducting polymers (1)
- Intumescence (1)
- Intumeszierende Beschichtung (1)
- Inverted classroom (1)
- IoT (1)
- Ion beam erosion Sectioning (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Ionic liquid crystal (1)
- Iron ore tailings (1)
- Irregular soil (1)
- Isotope (1)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Iterative method (1)
- Jack rabbit II chlorine field experiment (1)
- Jet flame (1)
- Joining dissimilar materials (1)
- Joint sparsity (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- K-rich Birnessite (K0.45MnO2) (1)
- KMU (1)
- Keratin (1)
- Keyhole stability (1)
- Kikuchi patterns (1)
- Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram (1)
- Klimaerwärmung (1)
- Knudsen diffusion (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Konnektivität (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz (1)
- Kulturelle Entomologie (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LA-(MC-)ICP-MS (1)
- LA-ICP-SFMS (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC/MS-MS (1)
- LFIA (1)
- LIBS (1)
- LPG (1)
- Labor-IT (1)
- Laborkommunikation (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lactate (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Laminar burning velocity (LBV) (1)
- Laminated metallic composites (1)
- Lanthanides doped coordination polymers (1)
- Large Aperture Ultrasonic System (1)
- Laser Ablation/Imaging (1)
- Laser Desorption (1)
- Laser Implantation (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (1)
- Laser beam melting (LBM) (1)
- Laser excitation (1)
- Laser hybrid welding (1)
- Laser induced dielectric breakdown (1)
- Laser metal deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser methods (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (1)
- Laser thermography (1)
- Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen (1)
- Laser-based additive manufacturing (1)
- Laser-induced fluorescence (1)
- Laser-induced slip casting (1)
- Laser-induced x-ray emission (1)
- Laserstrahlschweißen (1)
- Lateral resolution (1)
- Lattice Boltzmann simulation (1)
- Lattice parameters (1)
- Lattice structures (1)
- Layered double hydroxide (1)
- Layering misalignment (1)
- Layerwise Slurry Deposition (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Leak (1)
- Leather waste (1)
- Lebenszyklus (1)
- Lecture films (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Lightweight structures (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Lignosulfonates (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (1)
- Liquid metal embrittlement (1)
- Lithium-ion-batteries (1)
- Lithium-sulfur battery (1)
- Lithography-based technologies (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Livermore model (1)
- Load–bearing structures (1)
- Local wavenumber analysis (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Long-term aging (1)
- Longitudinal ventilation (1)
- Low strain (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (1)
- Lower explosion limit (1)
- Lubricant additives (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- L‐PBF (1)
- MCS (1)
- MDCK cell (1)
- MECT (1)
- MITC (1)
- MOF databases (1)
- MOFs (1)
- MOUSE (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Machining (1)
- Macrocycles (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Macropores (1)
- Magnesium Alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloy (1)
- Magnesium alloys (1)
- Magnesium carbonates (1)
- Magnesium hydroxide (1)
- Magnesium-gadolinium alloy (1)
- Magnetic bath support (1)
- Magnetic beads (1)
- Magnetic materials (1)
- Magnetism (1)
- Magnetohydrodynamics (1)
- Magnetpartikel (1)
- Major transition (1)
- MamaLoCA (1)
- MamaLoCa (1)
- Management system standard (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Marine littering (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Martensitic steel (1)
- Martensitic steels (1)
- Martensitic structure (1)
- Martensitic transformation (1)
- Martin Seah (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Mass-Spectral Reconstruction (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Material Moisture (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material engineering (1)
- Material synthesis (1)
- Materials (1)
- Materials Stability (1)
- Materials by design (1)
- Materials evaluation (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Mechanical activation (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanical anisotropy (1)
- Mechanical behavior (1)
- Mechanical fatigue (1)
- Mechanically flexible crystals (1)
- Mechanisch erzeugte Funken (1)
- Mechanism model (1)
- Mechanochemical pictographs (1)
- Medical diagnostics (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- Meer (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Melt pool dynamics (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Meso Portland cement (1)
- Mesocrystal (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Messung (1)
- Meta-Omics (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metal fluorides (1)
- Metal foam microstructure (1)
- Metal nanoparticles (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metallic glasses (1)
- Metamaterials (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Methoxytrimethlsilane (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Methylanilines (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metoligotoma (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (1)
- Micro-CT (1)
- Micro-computed tomography (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Microcracking (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluidic mixing (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Microplastics analytic (1)
- Microporous Layer (1)
- Microscope slides (1)
- Microstrucrue Design (1)
- Microstructure and texture (1)
- Mid-IR absorption (1)
- Mikroplastik Massegehalt (1)
- Mikroplastik-Analytik (1)
- Mild steels (1)
- Milling (1)
- Minimun explosion concentration (1)
- Mining head gear (1)
- Mining tailings (1)
- Misfitting precipitate (1)
- Mixing procedure (1)
- MoO3 (1)
- Mobile analysis (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Model evaluation (1)
- Model reduction (1)
- Model updating (1)
- Modern (1)
- Modulation transfer function (1)
- Modulus (1)
- Moisture distribution (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecular imprinting (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular recognition (1)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Molten salt (1)
- Monitoring strategy (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Monte Carlo simulation (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Morphology control (1)
- Mounting media (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-dimensional reconstruction (1)
- Multi-energy CT (1)
- Multi-materials joining (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Multilayer graphene (1)
- Multilayercoatings (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multimodal analysis (1)
- Multiphoton lithography (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariate Analysemethoden (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Multivariate evaluation (1)
- Muon (1)
- Muscheln (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mutual calibration (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- N-Chlorination (1)
- NAMUR (1)
- NEXAFS (1)
- NGS (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NP (1)
- Nachrechnung (1)
- Naica (1)
- Nano structure (1)
- Nano-composite (1)
- Nano-powder (1)
- Nano-safety (1)
- Nanoadditive (1)
- Nanoalloy (1)
- Nanocomposite fibers (1)
- Nanocrystalline alloys (1)
- Nanocrystalline structure (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanometrology (1)
- Nanoparticle formation (1)
- Nanopores (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanosafety (Safe-by-design) (1)
- Nanospheres (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostructured powder (1)
- Nanotechnology (1)
- Nanowear (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Natural ecosystems (1)
- Natural gas (1)
- Natural gas mixtures (1)
- Natural stones (1)
- Nb2O5, NbO2F, Nb3O7F (1)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Near-infrared refelctography (1)
- Net-ionization reaction (1)
- Network (1)
- Network science (1)
- Networking (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- Neutral dyes (1)
- Neutron and X-ray diffraction (1)
- Neutron instrument (1)
- Nichtelektrische Funken (1)
- Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz (1)
- Nickel-base alloy (1)
- Nickel-base superalloys (1)
- Nickel-based superalloys (1)
- Nitrides (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrobenzene reduction (1)
- Nitrotyrosine (1)
- Noise (1)
- Noise analysis (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Non linear dynamics (1)
- Non sparking tools (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-target (1)
- Nonlinear behavior (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nuclear waste storage (1)
- Numerical modeling (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- OER (1)
- OH radical (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- OPC-UA (1)
- Oberflächenkrümmung (1)
- Oberflächenwasser (1)
- Obituary (1)
- Obstacle location (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Offshore structure (1)
- Oil (1)
- Oil-based (1)
- Online detection (1)
- Ontology Engineering (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open science (1)
- Open source (1)
- OpenFOAM (1)
- Operational characteristics (1)
- Optical properties of ink (1)
- Optical Tomography (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical criterion of brittleness (1)
- Optical detection (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Optical sensors (1)
- Orthotropic steel deck (1)
- Osmotic minipumps (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Ostwald ripening (1)
- Outdoor odor emissions (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Overpressure transients (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- Oxide-induced crack closure (1)
- Oxyfuel-Verbrennung (1)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (1)
- Oxygen consumption calorimetry (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (1)
- Oxygen reduction reaction (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PES (1)
- PFAS (1)
- PGM-free catalyst (1)
- PLS regression (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- PMMA (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- Parametric modeling (1)
- Parametric sensitivity analysis (1)
- Particle Characterization (1)
- Particle characterisation (1)
- Particle scattering (1)
- Particle size and shape distribution (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particle transfer (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Pendulum analogy (1)
- Penelope model (1)
- Penicillin (1)
- Peptide analysis (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Pharmazeutische Produktion (1)
- Phase Equilibria (1)
- Phase Imaging (1)
- Phase contrast-enhanced micro-CT (1)
- Phase development (1)
- Phase distribution (1)
- Phase field model (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phenanthrene (1)
- Phonons (1)
- Phosphine oxide (1)
- Phosphoric acid (1)
- Phosphorous soybean-oil–based polyol (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Photoacoustic characterization (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photocatalytic activity (1)
- Photonic sensors (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Photothermal super resolution (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical Chemistry (1)
- Physics (1)
- Physics and society (1)
- Physisorption (1)
- Piezoelectric transducer (1)
- Piezoresistive (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Pitting (1)
- Plant economic spectrum (1)
- Planung (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasma nanocoatings (1)
- Plasma-cut samples (1)
- Plasmon-catalyzed reactions (1)
- Plasmonic photocatalysis (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Platinum-free catalyst (1)
- Policy making (1)
- Poly(acrylic acid) (1)
- Poly(amino phosphodiester) (1)
- Polybutadiene/chloroprene (1)
- Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyethylene colonization (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer composite (1)
- Polymer composites (1)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (1)
- Polymer optical fibers (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (1)
- Polymorphism (1)
- Polyneoptera (1)
- Polypropylene fiber (1)
- Polyvinyl alcohol (1)
- Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (1)
- Pore pressure (1)
- Pore space characterization (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Porous media (1)
- Portfolio (1)
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy (1)
- Post-injection pressure drop (1)
- Post-weld heat treatment (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Potentiodynamic measurements (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Powder bed additive manufacturing (1)
- Powder bed density (1)
- Powder flow (1)
- Powder methods (1)
- Powder removal (1)
- Powder rheology (1)
- Powder-based processes (1)
- Power density (1)
- Power law (1)
- Pre-ignition pressure rise (1)
- Precious-group metal-free catalyst (1)
- Precipitate shape (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Precipitation hardening aluminum alloys (1)
- Precision farming (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive maintenance (1)
- Prehydrated electron (1)
- Premixed fuel vapour (1)
- Pressure vessel (1)
- Prestressed concrete (1)
- Preventive Innovation (1)
- Principal stress components (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Probabilistic assessment (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probability of detection (1)
- Probennahme (1)
- Process Analytical Technology (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process atmosphere (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Projekt AGIL - Alterung additiv gefertigter metallischer Materialien und Komponenten (1)
- Proper generalized decomposition (1)
- Properties (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protection housing (1)
- Protective coatings (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein-modification (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- Pulse energy (1)
- Purity assessment (1)
- Pyrolyse (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Pyrolysis volatiles (1)
- QNMR (1)
- Quality Infrastructure (1)
- Quality assurancemechanism (1)
- Quality by Design (1)
- Quality monitoring (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Quantification (1)
- Quantitative bioimaging (1)
- Quantitative surface chemical analysis (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum dots (1)
- Quasi-direct damage (1)
- Quasi-static response; (1)
- Quasielastic neutron scattering (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- REMPI (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RNA-Sequencing (1)
- ROS (1)
- RXES (1)
- Radial Hydrides (1)
- Radiation therapy (1)
- Radiationtherapy (1)
- Radical (1)
- Radioactive decay (1)
- Radioactive waste disposal (1)
- Radiolysis (1)
- Radon (1)
- Radon transform (1)
- Rail tankers (1)
- Railway bridge (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Ramanmikrospektroskopie (1)
- Random field (1)
- Random stiffness variation (1)
- Randomness (1)
- Rat (1)
- Ratiometric (1)
- Ratiometric measurement (1)
- Ray tracing (1)
- Re-entrant surface feature (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Ready-to-use (1)
- Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme (1)
- Real-time deformation (1)
- Reciprocating sliding wear (1)
- Reconstruction algorithms (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Redox reactions (1)
- Reference method (1)
- References (1)
- Referenzmaterialien (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Reibfunken (1)
- Relaxation times (1)
- Religion (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Repair (1)
- Replication crisis (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Research Software (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Residual strains (1)
- Residual stress state (1)
- Resistance spot welding (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Resonance (1)
- Resource (1)
- Resource efficiency (1)
- Resource-based-view (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (1)
- Review (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Rheological property (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhodamine (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Rigid (1)
- Ring compression test (1)
- Ring resonators (1)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (1)
- Ripples (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Room fire (1)
- Root economics space (1)
- Rosamine (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Roughness analysis (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- Rubber (1)
- S-N curve (1)
- S-phase (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SERS (1)
- SI (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- Safety assessment (1)
- Safety characteristics (1)
- Safety characteristics determination (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample holder (1)
- Sample random results (1)
- Sample size (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scan strategies (1)
- Scan strategy influence (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Scarf joint (1)
- Scattered axle impulses (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schallgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Schiffsmotorbauteile (1)
- Schlagfunken (1)
- Schleiffunken (1)
- Schlickerdeposition (1)
- Schlieren Imaging (1)
- Schmetterlinge (1)
- Schnellladung (1)
- Schnelltest (1)
- Schnittstellen (1)
- Schweißeignung (1)
- Schweißunregelmäßigkeiten (1)
- Scientific publication (1)
- Screening (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Sealing structures (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Seaweeds (1)
- Secondary alcohols (1)
- Secondary building materials (1)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Seismic (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Selective laser melting (SLM) (1)
- Self-organization (1)
- Self-sustaining propagation (1)
- Semi-batch reactor (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensible enthalpy rise approach (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Sequential learning (1)
- Serum (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Shark profiles (1)
- Shear strain (1)
- Shear-band structure (1)
- Sheep (1)
- Ship building (1)
- Short-beam strength (1)
- SiO2 (1)
- Sift-proofness (1)
- Signal Features (1)
- Signal amplification (1)
- Signal enhancement (1)
- Signal features (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicate glass (1)
- Silicon halides (1)
- Silicon photonics (1)
- Silicone elastomer (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single asperity contact (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single enhancement (1)
- Single source precursors (1)
- Single-Crystal (1)
- Single-site catalyst (1)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sisal fiber (1)
- Size (1)
- Size effect (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Slab track (1)
- Sliding (1)
- Sloshing (1)
- Small-scale (1)
- Smoke (1)
- Smoke measurement (1)
- Smoldering combustion (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Socio-ecological models (1)
- Soda-lime glass (1)
- Sodium Ion Batteries (1)
- Soft X-ray (1)
- Software Infrastructure (1)
- Software Licensing (1)
- Software Training (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solarpur (1)
- Solid (1)
- Solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- Solidification cracking (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Solvolyse (1)
- Sorption isotherm (1)
- Sorption mechanism (1)
- Spalling (1)
- Spannbetonbrücke (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Special issue, young analytical scientists (1)
- Spectoscopic imaging (1)
- Spectral CT (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speed-of-sound measurements (1)
- Spektroskopische Bildgebung (1)
- Spinodal decomposition (1)
- Spot-welded joints (1)
- Spreading (1)
- Sputtering (1)
- Sr isotopes (1)
- SrF2 (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Stakeholders (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Static axle loads (1)
- Static loading (1)
- Statistical distributions (1)
- Steel and aluminium (1)
- Steel corrosion (1)
- Steel frames (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Stereophotogrammetry (1)
- Stochastic modeling (1)
- Stochastic sample functions (1)
- Storage Mechanism (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strain-free lattice references (1)
- Strain-free lattice spacing (1)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), (1)
- Strength (1)
- Stress balance (1)
- Stress balance condition (1)
- Stress intensity (1)
- Stress relaxation (1)
- Stress relief cracking (1)
- Stress-corrosion (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structural reliability (1)
- Structural sealant glazing (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure-flame retardancy relationship (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Structured light scanning (SLS) (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Substance release (1)
- Sulfide (1)
- Sulphidation (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Superalloy (1)
- Superalloys (1)
- Supercapacitor (1)
- Supercritical adsorption (1)
- Supplementary cementitous materials (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface Analysis Working Group (1)
- Surface analysis (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface energy (1)
- Surface integrity (1)
- Surface ligand (1)
- Surface migration barriers (1)
- Surface molecular patterning (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface relaxivities (1)
- Surface roughness (1)
- Surface roughness analysis (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface structuring (1)
- Surfactant (1)
- Surrogate citations (1)
- Suspension growth (1)
- Sustainable Software Development (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Switch (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Symmetric dwell periods (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron X-Ray (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (1)
- Synchrotron radiations (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (1)
- System method (1)
- Sythesis (1)
- TD-GC-MS (1)
- TEKKEN (1)
- TKD (1)
- TRGS 519 (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometer (1)
- Tannery industry (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Tau (1)
- Technical Ceramics (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Technische Regel (1)
- Temperate rain forest (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temperature and strain monitoring (1)
- Test (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test strip analysis (1)
- Testing (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Tetracyclin (1)
- Tetragonal distortion (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- Tetrapyrrolic active-site (1)
- Texture (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Thermal Analysis (1)
- Thermal Cycling (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal emission (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermal model (1)
- Thermal percolation threshold (1)
- Thermal runaway (1)
- Thermo-mechanics (1)
- Thermoelectric generator (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thermogravimetric analyses (1)
- Thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- Thermomagnetic generator (1)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermoplastic matrix (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thermosetting resin (1)
- Thick plate welding (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thickness measurements (1)
- Thin film characterization (1)
- Thin polymer films (1)
- Three-dimensional tomographies (1)
- Ti-Nb alloy (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Tineola bisselliella (1)
- Tissue (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- Titanium hydride (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tobermorite (1)
- Total Quality Management (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Toys (1)
- Track-soil interaction (1)
- Train-induced ground vibration (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transducers (1)
- Transesterification (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Transmission function (1)
- Tribo-film (1)
- Tribochemistry (1)
- Tribology (1)
- Triply Periodical Minimal Surface (1)
- Triply periodic minimal surface structures (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tumor (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Tunnel fire (1)
- Turbulence model (1)
- Turbulenzmodellierung (1)
- Twin fluid medium (1)
- Two-dimensional chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Two-phase system (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- UHPC (1)
- USAXS (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV-blocker addition (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UV–Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultra-short pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultraschall-Echo-Verfahren (1)
- Ultraschall-Echoverfahren (1)
- Ultrashort pulsed laser (1)
- Ultrasonic Levitation (1)
- Ultrasonic guided waves (1)
- Ultrasonic testing (1)
- Ultrasonic transducer (1)
- Ultrasonic-assisted milling (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Upconversion (1)
- Uptake estimation (1)
- Urban utility tunnel (1)
- Utility and decision theory (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VRFB (1)
- Value of information (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vanadium redox flow battery (1)
- Variational Bayesian Inference (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Venting boundary condition (1)
- Virial coefficients (1)
- Virtual waves (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Virus inhibition (1)
- Viscosity (1)
- Volatile marker (1)
- Volatile matter content (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Voltammetric electronic tongue (1)
- Vor-Ort-Analytik (1)
- WAAM (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Waste disposal (1)
- Waste heat conversion (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste-to-energy (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water Distribution (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water-based (1)
- Wavelet (1)
- Waxes (1)
- Wear mechanism (1)
- Wear particles (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Weibull distribution parameters (1)
- Weld metal cracking (1)
- Weld pool modeling (1)
- Weldx (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- Wide angle reflection and refraction (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Wind turbine support structure (1)
- Windkanalmessungen (1)
- Wipe test (1)
- Wire arc additive manufacturing (1)
- Wissenschaftskultur (1)
- Wood Modification (1)
- Wood Protection (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Work of adhesion (1)
- X-Ray flourescence spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray CT (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray and neutron diffraction (1)
- X-ray emission hazards (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray imaging (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray photoelectron (1)
- X-ray refraction (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- X-ray-diffraction (1)
- XAFS (1)
- XANES spectroscopy (1)
- XAS (1)
- XRF (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- XRF ink analysis (1)
- Xpoxy resin (1)
- Xray (1)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Young’s modulus (1)
- ZIF (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- ZIRLO® (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zero wear (1)
- ZfP 4.0 (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- Zinc coatings (1)
- Zinkbeschichtung (1)
- Zirconia (1)
- ZnO films (1)
- ZnO nanorods Nanocrystalline (1)
- Zuverlässigkeit (1)
- Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse (1)
- Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung (1)
- analytical service (1)
- coda wave interferometry (1)
- dsDAN monolayer (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- embedded (1)
- infrared Thermography (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- materials informatics (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- nm films (1)
- p-aminothiophenol (1)
- p-nitrothiophenol (1)
- pL-droplets (1)
- photophysics (1)
- soil (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- temperature (1)
- wrapping (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- Ägyptisch Blau (1)
- β-Lactam (1)
- γ- и γ'-фазы, период кристаллической решетки (1)
- γ″ phase (1)
- θ′ phase (1)
- θ′-(Al2Cu) precipitate phase (1)
- высокие температуры (1)
- жаропрочные нике- левые сплавы (1)
- монокристалл (1)
- рентгеноструктурный анализ (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (148)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (123)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (91)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (71)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (67)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (62)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (58)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (58)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (41)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (38)
Paper des Monats
- ja (4)
High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GF-MAS) was employed for determining adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) in water. Organic chlorine was indirectly quantified by monitoring the molecular absorption of the transient aluminum monochloride molecule (AlCl) around a wavelength of 261.42 nm in a graphite furnace. An aluminum solution was used as the molecularforming modifier. A zirconium coated graphite furnace, as well as Sr and Ag solutions were applied as modifiers for a maximal enhancement of the absorption signal. The pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were 600 °C and 2300 °C, respectively. Non-spectral interferences were observed with F, Br, and I at concentrations higher than 6 mg L-1, 50 mg L-1, and 100 mg L-1, respectively. Calibration curves with NaCl, 4-chlorophenol, and trichlorophenol present the same slope and dynamic range, which indicates the chlorine atom specificity of the method. This method was evaluated and validated using synthetic water samples, following the current standard DIN EN ISO 9562:2004 for the determination of the sum parameter adsorbable organic halides (AOX) for water quality. These samples contain 4-chlorophenol as the chlorinated organic standard in an inorganic chloride matrix. Prior to analysis, organic chlorine was extracted from the inorganic matrix via solid-phase extraction with a recovery rate >95%. There were no statistically significant differences observed between measured and known values and for a t-test a confidence level of 95% was achieved. The limits of detection and characteristic mass were found to be 48 and 22 pg, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range 0.1–2.5 ng with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9986.
We report on the mechanical properties of Cu–Nb alloys produced by combinatorial magnetron sputtering.
Depending on the composition, the microstructure is either fully amorphous (~30–65 at.% Cu), a dispersion of Cu crystallites in an amorphous matrix (~70 at.%), or a dominant crystalline phase with separated nanoscale amorphous zones (~80 at.% Cu). Nanomechanical probing of the different microstructures reveals that the hardness of the fully amorphous alloy is much higher than a rule of mixture would predict. We further demonstrate a remarkable tunability of the resistance to plastic flow, ranging from ca. 9 GPa in the amorphous regime to ca. 2 GPa in the fully crystalline regime. We rationalize these findings based on fundamental structural considerations, thereby highlighting the vast structure-property design space that this otherwise immiscible binary alloy provides.
In this study, experimental determination and modelling investigations for the explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/N2O and 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/air mixtures were carried out and compared. The experimental measurements were carried out at 338 K and atmospheric pressure according to EN1839 method T using the inert gases N2, CO2, He and Ar. The results showed that the ratio of the lower explosion limit in N2O (LELN2O) to the lower explosion limit in air (LELair) is 0.52 and the ratio of the maximum oxygen content in air (MOCair) to the limiting oxidizer fraction in nitrous oxide (LOFN2O) is 0.36 ± 0.02 independent of the inert gas. When comparing the inert gas amount at the apex based on the pure oxidizing component, which is O2 in case of air, N2O-containing mixtures need less inert gas to reach the limiting oxidizer quantity whereas the efficiency of inert gases is in the same order. The coefficients of nitrogen equivalency however were found to differ to some extent. The explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/oxidizer mixtures were modelled using the calculated adiabatic flame temperature profile (CAFTP) method as well as corrected adiabatic flame temperatures. The results indicate good agreement with experimental data for CO2, N2 and Ar- containing mixtures. The noticeable deviations that occur when He is the inert gas are due to the lacking transport data of that mixture.
The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4.
The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%), chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization.
Background. Currently, there is no reliable nonsurgical treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study, therefore, investigates if doxycycline reduces AAA growth and the number of rupture-related deaths in a murine ApoE−/− model of AAA and whether gadofosveset trisodium-based MRI differs between animals with and without doxycycline treatment. Methods. Nine ApoE−/− mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps continuously releasing angiotensin II and treated with doxycycline (30 mg/kg/d) in parallel. After four weeks, MRI was performed at 3T with a clinical dose of the albumin-binding probe gadofosveset (0.03 mmol/kg). Results were compared with previously published wild-type control animals and with previously studied ApoE−/− animals without doxycycline treatment. Differences in mortality were also investigated between these groups. Results. In a previous study, we found that approximately 25% of angiotensin II-infused ApoE−/− mice died, whereas in the present study, only one out of 9 angiotensin II-infused and doxycycline-treated ApoE−/− mice (11.1%) died within 4 weeks. Furthermore, doxycycline-treated ApoE−/− mice showed significantly lower contrast-to-noise (CNR) values in MRI compared to ApoE−/− mice without doxycycline treatment. In vivo measurements of relative signal enhancement (CNR) correlated significantly with ex vivo measurements of albumin staining (R2 = 0.58). In addition, a strong visual colocalization of albumin-positive areas in the fluorescence albumin staining with gadolinium distribution in LA-ICP-MS was shown. However, no significant difference in aneurysm size was observed after doxycycline treatment. Conclusion. The present experimental in vivo study suggests that doxycycline treatment may reduce rupture-related deaths in AAA by slowing endothelial damage without reversing aneurysm growth.
Background: Prevention of metastatic invasion is one of the main challenges in the treatment of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Still the therapeutic options are limited. Therefore, an anti-tumor screening was initiated focusing on the anti-metastatic and anti-invasion properties of selected medicinal plant extracts and phytoestrogens, already known to be effective in the prevention and treatment of different cancer entities.
Methods: Treatment effects were first evaluated by cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony forming assays on the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RH-30 in comparison with healthy primary cells.
Results: Initial anti-tumor screenings of all substances analyzed in this study, identified the plant extract of Vincetoxicum arnottianum (VSM) as the most promising candidate, harboring the highest anti-metastatic potential. Those significant anti-motility properties were proven by a reduced ability for migration (60%), invasion (99%) and colony formation (61%) under 48 h exposure to 25 μg/ml VSM. The restricted motility features were due to an induction of the stabilization of the cytoskeleton – actin fibers were 2.5-fold longer and were spanning the entire cell. Decreased proliferation (PCNA, AMT, GCSH) and altered metastasis (e. g. SGPL1, CXCR4, stathmin) marker expression on transcript and protein level confirmed the significant lowered tumorigenicity under VSM treatment. Finally, significant alterations in the cell metabolism were detected for
25 metabolites, with levels of uracil, N-acetyl serine and propanoyl phosphate harboring the greatest alterations. Compared to the conventional therapy with cisplatin, VSM treated cells demonstrated a similar metabolic shutdown of the primary cell metabolism. Primary control cells were not affected by the VSM treatment.
Conclusions: This study revealed the VSM root extract as a potential, new migrastatic drug candidate for the putative treatment of pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with actin filament stabilizing properties and accompanied by a marginal effect on the vitality of primary cells.
As an alternative shaping method to the traditionally used processes, additive manufacturing (AM) can produce economical ceramic components in small lot sizes and/or with complex geometries. Powder-based additive manufacturing processes like binder jetting are popular in the field of metal AM. One reason is the increased productivity compared to other AM technologies. For ceramic materials, powder-based AM technologies result in porous ceramic parts, provided they are not infiltrated. CerAMing GmbH unites the advantages of powder-based processes with the production of dense ceramic by means of the Layerwise Slurry Deposition. By using a suspension, a high packing density of the powder bed is achieved which leads to high green body densities. Due to this advantage the approach overcomes the problems of other powder-based AM technologies. Furthermore, a very economical debinding time allows the production of parts with high wall thicknesses.
Photon upconversion upon 1550 nm excitation is of high relevance for applications in the third biological excitation window, for photovoltaics beyond current limitations, and enables appealing options in the field of glass Fiber telecommunications. Trivalent doped erbium ions (Er3+) are the material of choice for 1550 nm excited upconversion, however, they suffer from a low absorption cross-section and a low brightness. Therefore, the ability of Silicon metasurfaces to provide greatly enhanced electrical near-fields is employed to enable efficient photon upconversion even at low external Illumination conditions. Hexagonally shaped β-NaYF4:Er3+ nanoparticles are placed on large-area silicon metasurfaces designed to convert near-infrared (1550 nm) to visible light. More than 2400-fold enhanced photon upconversion luminescence is achieved by using this metasurface instead of a planar substrate.
With the aid of optical simulations based on the finite-element method, this result is attributed to the coupling of the excitation source with metasurface resonances at appropriate incident angles. Analysis of the excitation power density dependence of upconversion luminescence and red-to-green-emission ratios enables the estimation of nanoscale near-field enhancement on the metasurface. The findings permit the significant reduction of required external excitation intensities for photon upconversion of 1550 nm light, opening perspectives in biophotonics, telecommunication, and photovoltaics.
Condensation particle counters (CPCs) are widely used for the measurement of aerosol particle number concentrations in the size range from approximately 3 nm to 3 μm. For an SI-traceable calibration of the size-dependent counting efficiency, which is advisable on a regular basis and required in several applications, Faraday cup aerosol electrometers (FCAEs) are considered to be a suitable SI-traceable reference.While the volumetric aerosol inlet flowrate and the electrical current measurement in FCAEs can be related to respective SI references, inter-comparison exercises for FCAEs are still performed on a regular basis to establish reliable uncertainty budgets and to further investigate the influences of designs and operational parameters on comparability. This is strongly demanded in the international community of metrological institutes and aerosol calibration facilities around the world, which provide CPC calibrations. In the present study, the performance of FCAEs was investigated,using Ag test aerosol particles with a 30 nm particle diameter by varying the inlet flowrates from 0.5 l min−1 to 4 l min−1. From our experimental results, significant deviations were observed in FCAE currents at sample flowrates smaller than 1.5 l min−1. It is recommended that these discrepancies should be quantified before an FCAE is used for CPC calibration at low sample flowrates and small particle sizes in the sub-30 nm size range.
We combine three different approaches to greatly enhance the defect reconstruction ability of active thermographic testing. As experimental approach, laser-based structured illumination is performed in a step-wise manner. As an intermediate signal processing step, the virtual wave concept is used in order to effectively convert the notoriously difficult to solve diffusion-based inverse problem into a somewhat milder wavebased inverse problem. As a final step, a compressed-sensing based optimization procedure is applied which efficiently solves the inverse problem by making advantage of the joint sparsity of multiple blind measurements. To evaluate our proposed processing technique, we investigate an additively manufactured stainless steel sample with eight internal defects. The concerted super resolution approach is compared to conventional thermographic reconstruction techniques and shows an at least four times better spatial resolution.
Over the last few years, the Federal Institute for material research (BAM, Berlin) together with the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC, University of Hamburg) have initiated a systematic material investigation of black inks produced from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (ca. fourth century CE–fourteenth/fifteenth centuries CE), aimed primarily at extending and complementing findings from previous sporadic studies. Part of this systematic investigation has focused on Egyptian Coptic manuscripts, and the present preliminary study is one of its outputs. It centres on a corpus of 45 Coptic manuscripts—43 papyri and 2 ostraca—preserved at the Palau-Ribes and Roca-Puig collections in Barcelona. The manuscripts come from the Monastery of Apa Apollo at Bawit, one of the largest monastic settlements in Egypt between the Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic Period (sixth–eighth centuries CE). The composition of their black inks was investigated in situ using near-infrared reflectography (NIRR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The analyses determined that the manuscripts were written using different types of ink: pure carbon ink; carbon ink containing iron; mixed inks containing carbon, polyphenols and metallic elements; and iron-gall ink. The variety of inks used for the documentary texts seems to reflect the articulate administrative system of the monastery of Bawit. This study reveals that, in contrast to the documents, written mostly with carbon-based inks, literary biblical texts were written with iron-gall ink. The frequent reuse of papyrus paper for certain categories of documents may suggest that carbon-based inks were used for ephemeral manuscripts, since they were easy to erase by abrasion.
The negative effects induced in marine organisms by Climate Change related abiotic factors consequences, namely ocean warming, are well-known. However, few works studied the combined impacts of ocean warming and contaminants, as pharmaceutical drugs. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cetirizine (CTZ) occur in the marine environment, showing negative effects in marine organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of Ocean warming on the effects of CBZ and CTZ, when acting individually and combined (drug vs drug), in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. For that, drugs concentration, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters, related with clam’s metabolic capacity and oxidative stress, were evaluated after 28 days exposure to environmentally relevant scenarios of these stressors. The results showed limited impacts of the drugs (single and combined) at control and warming condition. Indeed, it appeared that warming improved the oxidative status of contaminated clams (higher reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio, lower lipid peroxidation and Protein carbonylation levels), especially when both drugs were combined. This may result from clam’s defence mechanisms activation and reduced metabolic capacity that, respectively, increased elimination and limited production of reactive oxygen species. At low stress levels, defence mechanisms were not activated which resulted into oxidative stress. The present findings highlighted that under higher stress levels clams may be able to activate defence strategies that were sufficient to avoid cellular damages and loss of redox homeostasis.
Nevertheless, low concentrations were tested in the present study and the observed responses may greatly Change under increased pollution levels or temperatures. Further research on this topic is needed since marine heat waves are increasing in frequency and intensity and pollution levels of some pharmaceuticals are also increasing in coastal systems.
The occurrence of microplastic (MP) in food products, such as beverages in plastic bottles, is of high public concern. Existing analytical methods focus on the determination of particle numbers, requiring elaborate sampling tools, laboratory infrastructure and generally time-consuming imaging detection methods. A comprehensive routine analysis of MP in food products is still not possible. In the present work, we present the development of a smart filter crucible as sampling and detection tool. After filtration and drying of the filtered-off solids, a direct determination of the MP mass content from the crucible sample can be done by thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (TED-GC/MS). The new filter crucible allows a filtration of MP down to particle sizes of 5 µm. We determined MP contents below 0.01 µg/L up to 2 µg/L, depending on beverages bottle type. This may be directly related to the bottle type, especially the quality of the plastic material of the screw cap. Dependent on the plastic material, particle formation increases due to opening and closing operations during the use phase. However, we have also found that some individual determinations of samples were subjected to high errors due to random events. A conclusive quantitative evaluation of the products is therefore not possible at present.
Zielsetzung des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projektes RUSEKU war es, repräsentative Untersuchungsstrategien für die Detektion von Mikroplastik mittels TED GC/MS in wässerigen Medien zu ermitteln. Dabei wurden verschiedene Probenahmekonzepte und – verfahren für unterschiedliche Fallgestaltungen und Fragestellungen untersucht, sowie neue Filtersysteme entwickelt. Bei der Detektion der Partikel lag der Fokus auf der Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung der ThermoExtraktion/Desorption-Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (TED-GC/MS) zur Bestimmung von Mikroplastikgehalten. Anwendung fanden die Methoden bei der Beprobung von Flaschenwasser, Waschmaschinenabläufen, dem urbanen Abwassersystem der Stadt Kaiserslautern, sowie in Oberflächengewässer.
Several attempts have been made in the past to develop a European harmonized testing and assessment method for façades before the European commission decided to publish a call for tender on the topic. A project consortium from five countries (Sweden, UK, France, Germany and Hungary) applied to the call for tender and was contracted to develop a European approach to assess the fire performance of façades. 24 sub-contractors and 14 stakeholder entities were part of the project. The objective of the European project was to address a request from the Standing Committee of Construction (SCC) to provide EC Member States regulators with a means to regulate the fire performance of façade systems based on a European Approach agreed by SCC. The initial stages of this Project were focused on establishing a Register of the regulatory requirements in all Member States in relation to the fire Performance of façade systems, and to identify those Member States who have regulatory requirements for the fire performance façade systems which go beyond the current EN 13501 (reaction to fire and fire resistance) classification systems and to collate the details of these additional requirements. After having confirmed the regulatory needs a testing and classification methodology based on BS 8414 and DIN 4102-20 was developed to address the identified key performance and classification characteristics.
This paper is a short overview of results the two-year development work, which Final Report published by the European Commission in 2018.
We present the synthesis and characterization of a family of regioisomerically pure pH-sensitive rosamine fluorophores consisting of xanthene fluorophore cores, which determine the dyes’ photophysical properties such as excitation/emission wavelength, fluorescence quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime, and differently substituted phenol moieties. The hydroxyl substituent of the phenol moiety introduces a pH sensitivity of the dyes’ fluorescence exploiting a photoinduced electron transfer (PET), that leads to a protonation-induced switching ON of the rosamine emission. Rational tuning of the pKa value of the rosamine fluorescence between 4 to 9 is achieved by altering the substitution pattern and degree of bromination of the phenolic subunits. Additionally, a temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence quantum yield is introduced or suppressed based upon the degree of rigidity of the xanthene scaffold.
Research software has become a central asset in academic research. It optimizes existing and enables new research methods, implements and embeds research knowledge, and constitutes an essential research product in itself. Research software must be sustainable in order to understand, replicate, reproduce, and build upon existing research or conduct new research effectively. In other words, software must be available, discoverable, usable, and adaptable to new needs, both now and in the future. Research software therefore requires an environment that supports sustainability.
Hence, a change is needed in the way research software development and maintenance are currently motivated, incentivized, funded, structurally and infrastructurally supported, and legally treated. Failing to do so will threaten the quality and validity of research. In this paper, we identify challenges for research software sustainability in Germany and beyond, in terms of motivation, selection, research software engineering personnel, funding, infrastructure, and legal aspects. Besides researchers, we specifically address political and academic decision-makers to increase awareness of the importance and needs of sustainable research software practices. In particular, we recommend strategies and measures to create an environment for sustainable research software, with the ultimate goal to ensure that software-driven research is valid, reproducible and sustainable, and that software is recognized as a first class citizen in research. This paper is the outcome of two workshops run in Germany in 2019, at deRSE19 - the first International Conference of Research Software Engineers in Germany - and a dedicated DFG-supported follow-up workshop in Berlin.
The suitability of an Al2O3 coating for corrosion protection on X20Cr13 was evaluated in various artificial geothermal brines, focusing on the influence of different pH (4, 6 and 8) and their chemical compositions on the coating properties. All experiments were performed in the laboratory using autoclaves at 150 ◦C and 1 MPa in deaerated condition for 1 and 7 days. Results showed that the pH of geothermal waters is the most detrimental factor in the transformation of ɣ-Al2O3 and its protective abilities. Delaminations were found in the Coating exposed to geothermal brines with pH 4. FTIR spectra indicated a transformation of ɣ-Al2O3 to boehmite AlOOH after exposure to pH 4 and 6, and bayerite Al(OH)3 was formed after exposure to pH 8. Different Crystal structures of the hydrated Al2O3 also contribute to the stability of the coatings, observed by the SEM- EDX of the surface and cross-section of coatings. This study indicated that ɣ-Al2O3 sol-gel coating presents a promising aspect of corrosion protection in geothermal environment with a neutral pH.
Al2O3 has been widely used as a coating in industrial applications due to its excellent chemical and thermal resistance. Considering high temperatures and aggressive mediums exist in geothermal systems, Al2O3 can be a potential coating candidate to protect steels in geothermal applications. In this study, γ-Al2O3 was used as a coating on martensitic steels by applying AlOOH sol followed by a heat treatment at 600 °C. To evaluate the coating application process, one-, two-, and three-layer coatings were tested in the artificial North German Basin (NGB), containing 166 g/L Cl−, at 150 °C and 1 MPa for 168 h. To reveal the stability of the Al2O3 coating in NGB solution, three-layer coatings were used in exposure tests for 24, 168, 672, and 1296 h, followed by surface and cross-section characterization. SEM images show that the Al2O3 coating was stable up to 1296 h of exposure, where the outer layer mostly transformed into boehmite AlOOH with needle-like crystals dominating the surface. Closer analysis of cross-sections showed that the interface between each layer was affected in long-term exposure tests, which caused local delamination after 168 h of exposure. In separate experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed at 150 °C to evaluate the changes of coatings within the first 24 h. Results showed that the most significant decrease in the impedance is within 6 h, which can be associated with the electrolyte penetration through the coating, followed by the formation of AlOOH. Here, results of both short-term EIS measurements (up to 24 h) and long-term exposure tests (up to 1296 h) are discussed.
A mathematical model for physical processes in fusion welding has been developed. It is based on the equivalent heat source concept and consists of two parts: thermo-hydrodynamics of the weld pool and heat conduction in the weldment outside the pool. In thermo-hydrodynamic problem, temperature – dependent material properties, keyhole shape, thermo-capillary and natural convection, phase transformations and other physical phenomena are taken into consideration.
Solution of the thermo-hydrodynamic problem by the finite element method is demonstrated with keyhole laser beam welding of a 15 mm thick steel plate. Thermo-capillary convection is primarily responsible for the intricate convex-concave melt pool shape and pool enlargement near the plate surfaces. The calculated and experimental molten pool dimensions are in close agreement.
The present work is devoted to the numerical analysis of the high-power laser beam welding of thick sheets at different welding speeds. A three-dimensional transient multi-physics numerical model is developed, allowing for the prediction of the keyhole geometry and the final penetration depth. Two ray tracing algorithms are implemented and compared, namely a standard ray tracing approach and an approach using a virtual mesh refinement for a more accurate calculation of the reflection points. Both algorithms are found to provide sufficient accuracy for the prediction of the keyhole depth during laser beam welding with process speeds of up to 1.5 m/min. However, with the standard algorithm, the penetration depth is underestimated by the model for a process speed of 2.5 m/min due to a trapping effect of the laser energy in the top region. In contrast, the virtually refined ray tracing approach results in high accuracy results for process speeds of both 1.5 m/min and 2.5 m/min. A detailed study on the trapping effect is provided, accompanied by a benchmark including a predefined keyhole geometry with typical characteristics for the high-power laser beam welding of thick plates at high process speed, such as deep keyhole, inclined front keyhole wall, and a hump.
The present work deals with the recently confirmed widening of the weld pool interface, known as a bulging effect, and its relevance in high power laser beam welding. A combined experimental and numerical approach is utilized to study the influence of the bulge on the hot cracking formation and the transport of alloying elements in the molten pool. A technique using a quartz glass, a direct-diode laser illumination, a high-speed camera, and an infrared camera is applied to visualize the weld pool geometry in the longitudinal section. The study examines the relevance of the bulging effect on both, partial and complete penetration, as well as for different sheet thicknesses ranging from 8 mm to 25 mm. The numerical analysis shows that the formation of a bulge region is highly dependent on the penetration depth and occurs more frequently during partial penetration above 6 mm and complete penetration above 8 mm penetration depth, respectively. The location of the bulge correlates strongly with the cracking location. The obtained experimental and numerical results reveal that the bulging effect increases the hot cracking susceptibility and limits the transfer of alloying elements from the top of the weld pool to the weld root.
The formation mechanisms of Pd-Os and Pt-Os alloys in the course of thermal decomposition of iso-formular and isostructural complex salts [Pd(NH3)4][OsCl6] and [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6] in an inert atmosphere have been studied by in-situ QXAFS, XPS and PXRD. The mechanisms of thermal decomposition of the precursors are found to differ from each other, but the detected intermediate products show no significant effect on the local atomic structure around Os, Pt/Pd in their final products. A crystalline beta-trans-[Pd(NH3)2Cl2] intermediate of the first step of thermal decomposition of [Pd(NH3)4][OsCl6] makes the anion [OsCl6]2− transform differently than that of [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6]. It transforms into a short-lived [Os(NH3)xCl6-x] (2≤x≤4), and then to a distorted octahedron [OsCl6]2−, similar to the high-temperature modification of OsCl4. In case of [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6], the intermediate [Os(NH3)2Cl4] modifies into four chlorine coordinated Os,{OsCl4}0/1−. Consecutive reduction of Pd(II)/Pt(II) and Os(IV) to the metals defines the homophilic atomic order with the fcc-Pd covered by a random Pd-Os alloy layer and Os on the surface, that is supported by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Mictroscopy (HRTEM) and Scanning TEM (STEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) data, and the diffusion direction going from the surface (hcp-Os) to bulk (fcc-Pd/Pt). As a result, the heterogeneous alloys are formed with a very similar electronic and local atomic structure of Os and Pd/Pt. Upon alloying, the Os 5d5/2,3/2 and Pt 5d5/2,3/2 levels are depleted in the Pt-Os alloys compared to dispersed hcp-Os, fcc-Pt, and Pt foil. This is an unusual behaviour for Os and Pt, calling into question the versatility of d-band theory in bimetallic Os-alloys. The spin-orbit effect at the Os site has been found for both the Pd-Os and Pt-Os alloys, but it is about 4 times less compared to the complex salts. The obtained values for the complex compounds are comparable with those for the iridates, proposed as materials with spin-orbit-induced properties.
In this article, the passage of different trains over different bridges will be studied for resonant excitation. The intensity of the resonance will be estimated in frequency domain by using three separated spectra. At first, the excitation spectrum of the modal forces is built by the mode shape and the passage time of the train over the bridge. The second spectrum is the frequency response function of the bridge which include the modal frequency, damping and mass. The third part is the spectrum of the axle sequence of the train. The influences of train speed, bridge length, bridge support, track irregularities, and train type on the resonance amplitudes will be analysed for each of these spectra separately for getting a better insight. A variety of axle-sequence spectra and corresponding rules will be presented for different vehicles and trains. As examples, the passage of a slow freight train over a long-span bridge, a normal passenger train over a medium-span bridge, and a high-speed train over a short bridge will be analysed. Corresponding measurements show the amplification, but also the cancellation of the subsequent axle responses. Namely in one of the measurement examples, the first mode of the bridge was amplified and the second mode was cancelled at a low speed of the train and vice versa at a higher speed.
Many measurements of train induced ground vibrations show high amplitudes for a certain mid-frequency range. This ground vibration component cannot be well explained by dynamic loads of the train. Many characteristics indicate that the axle impulses, which are scattered by an irregular soil, are the excitation. This new understanding of railway-induced ground vibration is verified by numerical analysis. The response of the regular homogeneous and irregular inhomogeneous soils has been calculated by the finite-element method in frequency domain. A specific superposition of the impulse responses has been invented including time shift, axle sequence, track filter and hanning filter. The superposition yields the quasi-static component of the ground vibration which is restricted to very low frequencies and to the close near-field of the track. In case of an irregular soil of which the stiffness varies randomly in space, the superposition yields a mid-frequency ground vibration component from the scattering of the axle impulses. The existence and the importance of this component can thus be demonstrated by the calculations. Some rules of the influence of distance, train speed, soil stiffness, strength and width of the stiffness variation have been derived from the calculations. Many measurements show the unique explanation of the mid-frequency ground vibration component by the scattered axle impulses.
The dynamic behaviour of slab and ballast tracks has been investigated by measurements and calculations. Hammer impacts and train passages have been analysed. Measurements have been performed by geophones (velocity transducers) which have been time-integrated to displacements. The calculations are done in frequency-wavenumber domain for multi-beam-on-continuous soil models. The characteristics of the different tracks and track elements have been established in theory and experiment. The frequency-dependent compliances (displacement transfer functions) show clear rail-on-rail-pad resonances or highly damped track-soil resonances. Compared to the rail and sleeper, the track plate has much lower amplitudes. The slab track has usually the highest rail amplitudes due to soft rail pads. The train passage yields track displacements which are a superposition of the axle loads from the two neighbouring axles of a bogie and from the two bogies of two neighbouring carriages. This global behaviour is characteristic for the track plate of the slab track whereas the rails of the slab and the ballast track behave more local with only one bogie of influence. The measurements agree very well with the theory of the continuous soil in case of the six measured slab tracks and acceptably well for the six measured ballast tracks. The measurements allow to find appropriate model parameters and to check the models, for example the Winkler model of the soil has been found less appropriate as it reacts more locally.
The allergenic and inflammatory potential of proteins can be enhanced by chemical modification upon exposure to atmospheric or physiological oxidants. The molecular mechanisms and kinetics of such modifications, however, have not yet been fully resolved. We investigated the oligomerization and nitration of the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 by ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). Within several hours of exposure to atmospherically relevant concentration levels of O3 and NO2, up to 50% of Phl p 5 were converted into protein oligomers, likely by formation of dityrosine cross-links. Assuming that tyrosine residues are the preferential site of nitration, up to 10% of the 12 tyrosine residues per protein monomer were nitrated. For the reaction with peroxynitrite, the largest oligomer mass fractions (up to 50%) were found for equimolar concentrations of peroxynitrite over tyrosine residues. With excess peroxynitrite, the nitration degrees increased up to 40% whereas the oligomer mass fractions decreased to 20%. Our results suggest that protein oligomerization and nitration are competing processes, which is consistent with a two-step mechanism involving a reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI), as observed for other proteins. The modified proteins can promote pro-inflammatory cellular signaling that may contribute to chronic inflammation and allergies in response to air pollution.
The flow behavior of powders has an essential role in many industrial processes, including powder bed additive manufacturing. The characterization of the flow behavior is challenging, as different methods are available, and their suitability for an application in additive manufacturing is still controversial. In this study, six standardized methods (measurement of bulk density by ISO 60 and by ASTM B329, angle of repose by ISO 4324, discharge time by ISO 6186 and by ASTM B964-16, and Hausner Ratio by ASTM 7481 – 18), the rotating drum method (by GranuDrum) and powder rheometry (Anton Paar powder cell), were applied to five size fractions of a crushed quartz sand powder and compared. A statistical approach is proposed and discussed to correlate the obtained flowability indexes with the packing density of powder beds deposited layer-by-layer, and these correlations are compared between methods. Overall, the measurement of bulk density by ASTM B329 that showed the best correlation with the powder bed density. Advanced methods such as the rotating drum method and powder rheometry did not demonstrate particularly good correlations, however they provided complementary information which can be useful to assess the dynamic behavior of powders.
Recent progress has shown that using wavelengths between 1,000 and 2,000 nm, referred to as the shortwave-infrared or near-infrared (NIR)-II range, can enable high-resolution in vivo imaging at depths not possible with conventional optical wavelengths.
However, few bioconjugatable probes of the type that have proven invaluable for multiplexed imaging in the visible and NIR range are available for imaging these wavelengths. Using rational design, we have generated persulfonated indocyanine dyes with absorbance maxima at 872 and 1,072 nm through catechol-ring and aryl-ring fusion, respectively, onto the nonamethine scaffold. Multiplexed two-color and three-color in vivo imaging using monoclonal antibody and dextran conjugates in several tumor models illustrate the benefits of concurrent labeling of the tumor and healthy surrounding tissue and lymphatics.
These efforts are enabled by complementary advances in a custom-built NIR/shortwave-infrared imaging setup and software package for multicolor real-time imaging.
To curtail flammability risks and improve material properties, flame retardants (FRs) and fillers are mixed into rubbers. High loadings of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) and carbon black (CB) are the most used FRs and reinforcing additive, respectively, in rubbers. To reduce loading without losing mechanical properties, partial substitution of ATH as well as CB by low amounts of multilayer graphene (MLG) nanoparticles is investigated. The high aspect ratio MLG is made of ten graphene sheets. In polybutadiene/chloroprene (BR/CR) nanocomposites 3 phr MLG replaced 15 phr CB and/or 3 phr ATH. Material and mechanical properties as well as fire behavior of the nanocomposites are compared to BR/CR with 20 phr CB both with and without 50 phr ATH. MLG appears as a promising nanofiller to improve the functional properties: replacement of CB improved rheological, curing, and mechanical properties; substitution of ATH improved nanocomposite properties without affecting flame retardancy.
A rigid aromatic phosphorus-containing hyperbranched flame retardant structure is synthesized from 10-(2,5 dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-
10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ), tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide (THPPO), and 1,4-terephthaloyl chloride (TPC). The resulting poly-(DOPO-HQ/THPPO-terephthalate) (PDTT) is implemented as a flame retardant into an epoxy resin (EP) at a 10 wt% loading. The effects on EP are compared with those of the monomer DOPO-HQ and triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3) as low molar mass flame retardants. The glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition, flammability (reaction to small flame), and burning behavior of the thermosets are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, UL 94-burning chamber testing, and cone calorimeter measurements.
Although P-contents are low at only 0.6 wt%, the study aims not at attaining V-0, but at presenting a proof of principle: Epoxy resinswith PDTT show promising fire performance, exhibiting a 25% reduction in total heat evolved (THE), a 30% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) due to flame inhibition (21% reduction in effective heat of combustion (EHC)), and an increase in Tg at the same time. This study indicates that rigid aromatic hyperbranched polymeric structures offer a promising route toward multifunctional flame retardancy.
Leather is among the most ancient, widely used materials worldwide. Industrial-scale leather production produces large quantities of organic waste attained during shaving and buffing steps during processing. In this study, leather wastes (LW) are used as fillers in flame retarded polymer composites. LW is investigated as a multifunctional bio-filler that enhances the fire performance of flame retarded poly(ethylene–vinyl acetate) (EVA) containing phosphorus flame retardants (P-FRs) ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or a melamine-encapsulated APP (eAPP). Using LW from tanneries as adjuvants to enhance P-FRs in EVA reduces industrial wastes that otherwise require costly waste management solutions. Materials are characterized multi-methodically via mechanical tests, electron microscopy, rheology, thermogravimetric analysis, evolved gas analysis, and condensed phase FTIR, also reaction-to-small-flames and cone calorimeter tests. EVA containing 10 wt-% LW and 20 wt-% P-FRs achieve 20% reductions in fire loads versus EVA, and up to 10% reduction in effective heats of combustion versus EVA with equal (30 wt-%) P-FR loadings. Enhanced char stabilization of EVA composites with LW and P-FRs lowered peaks of heat release rates up to 53% compared to EVA, and up to 40% compared to equal P-FRs loadings. Synergisms between LW and P-FRs in EVA are quantified. A chemical decomposition mechanism is proposed.
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was compared with standardized pump sampling regarding the prospects to assess airborne levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environments. A historic railway water tower, which will be preserved as a technical monument for museum purposes, was sampled with both approaches because the built-in insulationmaterial was suspected to release PAHs to the indoor air. The 16 PAHs on the US EPA list were quantified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in filters from pump sampling after solvent extraction and on SBSE devices after thermal desorption. SBSEwas seen to sample detectable PAHmasseswith excellent repeatability and a congener pattern largely similar to that observed with pump sampling. Congener patterns were however significantly different from that in the PAH source because release from the insulation material is largely triggered by the respective congener vapor pressures. Absolute masses in the ng range sampled by SBSE corresponded to airborne concentrations in the ng L−1 range determined by pump sampling. Principle differences between SBSE and pump sampling as well as prospects of SBSE as cost-effective and versatile complement of pump sampling are discussed.
The relationship between fracture toughness and Yttria content in modern zirconia ceramics was revised. For that purpose, we evaluated here 10 modern Y2O3-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) materials currently used in biomedical applications, namely prosthetic and implant dentistry. The most relevant range between 2-5 mol% Y2O3 was addressed by selecting from conventional opaque 3 mol% YSZ up to more translucent compositions (4-5 mol% YSZs). A technical 2YSZ was used to extend the range of our evaluation. The bulk mol% Y2O3 concentration was measured by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Phase quantification by Rietveld refinement considered two tetragonal phases or an additional cubic phase. A first-account of the fracture toughness (KIc) of the pre-sintered blocks is given, which amounted to 0.4 – 0.7 MPa√m. In the fully-densified state, an inverse power-law behavior was obtained between KIc and bulk mol% Y2O3 content, whether using only our measurements or including literature data, challenging some established relationships. A linear relationship between KIc and the fraction of the transformable t-phase was established within the range of 30–70 vol%.
As part of the development of a library of accurate and efficient methods for measurement of nanoparticle properties, we develop and optimize a method for the efficient analysis of nanoparticle size distribution from suspensions via microprinting and digital analysis of electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) images, with the ultimate aim of automated quantitative concentration analysis (calculated from drop volume). A series of different nanoparticle suspensions (gold, latex, and SiO2 in varying sizes and concentrations) were printed onto TEM grids in a 4 x 4 array in the concentration range 7x10^8 to 1x10^11 nanoparticles/mL and imaged with SEM. Concentrations and printing conditions (temperature, relative humidity) were varied in order to minimize the coffee-ring effect.
This paper presents the application of short crack propagation models based on the cyclic R-curve for assessing the fatigue strength of additively manufactured (AM) materials containing fabrication defects. Chapetti’s and IBESS models were implemented in combination with Murakami’s √area parameter, considering recently published data on laser powder bed fusion processed AISI 316L stainless steels. Estimated S-N curves and Kitagawa-Takahashi diagrams predict fairly well the experimental data, especially the origin of the failure from internal or surface defects. These results provide an indication that the methods based on the cyclic R-curve constitute suitable tools for fatigue behavior assessment of AM materials.
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Ergebnisse des Fragebogens der DGZfP zur Thematik „ZfP 4.0“ vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Befragung zielte darauf ab, das allgemeine Verständnis der ZfP-Community zur Begrifflichkeit „ZfP 4.0“ herauszuarbeiten und daraus Bedarfe und Handlungsempfehlungen für die identifizierten Herausforderungen abzuleiten. Außerdem zeigt sich aus Sicht der Autor*innen, dass relevante Terminologien zu dem Themenkomplex Digitalisierung einer weiteren Klärung bedürfen, was im Bericht aufgegriffen wird. Im Ausblick zu den angelaufenen Arbeiten im nationalen Fachausschuss ZfP 4.0 und in den sich etablierenden internationalen Fachkreisen werden daraus abgeleitete Perspektiven für die Zukunftsgestaltung vorgestellt.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a well-established method to analyze a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, without further data processing, the impedance spectrum yields only qualitative insight into the mechanism and individual contribution of transport, kinetics, and ohmic losses to the overall fuel cell limitations. The distribution of relaxation times (DRT) method allows quantifying each of these polarization losses and evaluates their contribution to a given electrocatalyst's depreciated performances. We coupled this method with a detailed morphology study to investigate the impact of the 3D-structure on the processes occurring inside a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). We tested a platinum catalyst (Pt/C), a platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst (Pt3Co/C), and a platinum group metal-free iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe–N–C) catalyst. We found that the hampered mass transport in the latter is mainly responsible for its low performance in the MEA (along with its decreased intrinsic performances for the ORR reaction). The better performance of the alloy catalyst can be explained by both improved mass transport and a lower ORR resistance. Furthermore, single-cell tests show that the catalyst layer morphology influences the distribution of phosphoric acid during conditioning.
Inhibition of respiratory viruses is one of the most urgent topics as underlined by different pandemics in the last two decades. This impels the development of new materials for binding and incapacitation of the viruses. In this work, we have demonstrated that an optimal deployment of influenza A virus (IAV) targeting ligand sialic acid (SA) on a flexible 2D platform enables its binding and wrapping around IAV particles. A series of 2D sialylated platforms consisting graphene and polyglycerol are prepared with different degrees of SA functionalization around 10%, 30%, and 90% named as G-PG-SAL, G-PG-SAM, and G-PG-SAH, respectively. The cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) analysis has proved wrapping of IAV particles by G-PG-SAM.
A confocal-based colocalization assay established for these materials has offered the comparison of binding potential of sialylated and non-sialylated nanoplatforms for IAV. With this method, we have estimated the binding potential of the G-PG-SAM and G-PG-SAH sheets for IAV particles around 50 and 20 times higher than the control sheets, respectively, whereas the low functionalized G-PG-SAL have not shown any significant colocalization value.
Moreover, optimized G-PG-SAM exhibits high potency to block IAV from
binding with the MDCK cells.
While sociality is present in a taxonomically diverse number of species, most animals remain solitary (Bourke, 2011). Over the last centuries, this apparent imbalance in social and non-social animals has led to a great deal of research aimed at shedding light on the biotic and abiotic factors explaining the emergence and maintenance of sociality in nature (West et al., 2015).
Among them, microbes were quickly identified as a major problem for the evolution of social life, because frequent contact between group members typically facilitates the transmission of pathogens, high nest fidelity favours the establishment of microbial pathogens close to their social hosts and, finally, because social groups often exhibit limited genetic diversity and thus limited genetic resistance against certain pathogen strains (Schmid-Hempel, 1998; Cremer et al., 2007). However, this long-standing view has changed considerably over the last few years. Recent research indeed revealed that group living may be more effective than solitary living to Limit the risk of infection by pathogenic microbes because group living also allows the development of an additional layer of defence against pathogens in the form of social immunity (Cremer et al., 2007; Cotter and Kilner, 2010). Under strong pressure from pathogens, microbes could therefore promote, rather than hinder, the evolutionary transition from solitary to group Living (Meunier, 2015; Biedermann and Rohlfs, 2017). Moreover, we are increasingly aware that many microbes provide essential benefits to their hosts by performing critical digestive, physiological, and reproductive functions (Engel and Moran, 2013; McFall-Ngai et al., 2013). The need to Access beneficial microbes may thus have played a role in the expression of frequent and tight interactions between conspecifics and ultimately promoted social evolution (Wilson, 1971; Onchuru et al., 2018). Finally, a growing number of studies suggest that microbes could enforce the Aggregation and expression of cooperative behaviours of the hosts to increase their chance of reaching new hosts and may therefore be involved in the evolution of host sociality (Lewin-Epstein et al., 2017) (but see Johnson and Foster, 2018).
Der Trend zum Leichtbau und die Transformation zur E-Mobilität in der
Automobilindustrie befeuern die Entwicklung neuer hochfester Stähle für den Karosseriebau. Derartige Werkstoffe sind beim Widerstandspunktschweißen besonders rissanfällig (LME). Das Schweißen unter Zug stellt eine effektive Methode um die LME-Anfälligkeit unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe qualitativ zu bestimmen.
Aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal-based bichromophores can be readily synthesized in a consecutive three-component synthesis in good to excellent yields by condensation of aroyl chlorides and an N-(p-bromobenzyl) 2-methyl benzothiazolium salt followed by a Suzuki coupling, yielding a library of 31 bichromophoric fluorophores with substitution patterntunable emission properties. Varying both chromophores enables different communication pathways between the chromophores, exploiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and energy transfer (ET) properties, and thus, furnishing aggregation-based fluorescence switches. Possible applications range from fluorometric analysis of alcoholic beverages to pH sensors.
Molten salt containing systems gain in importance for sustainable energy use and production. For research and development, interactions of molten salts with potential container materials are of major interest. This article introduces preparation procedures to display an intact metal and salt microstructure and their interface using light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The exemplary material combination is the ternary salt mixture NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 and the low alloyed steel 1.4901 (T92) with a maximum service temperature of 550 °C. These are potential elements/materials for use in latent heat thermal energy storages.
The cross talk between adipose tissue and the heart has an increasing importance for cardiac function under physiological and pathological conditions. This study characterizes the role of fat body lipolysis for cardiac function in Drosophila melanogaster.
Perturbation of the function of the key lipolytic enzyme, brummer (bmm), an ortholog of themammalian ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase) exclusively in the fly’s fat body, protected the heart against starvation-induced dysfunction.
We further provide evidence that this protection is caused by the preservation of glycerolipid stores, resulting in a starvation-resistant maintenance of energy supply and adequate cardiac ATP synthesis. Finally, we suggest that alterations of lipolysis are tightly coupled to lipogenic processes, participating in the preservation of Lipid energy substrates during starvation. Thus, we identified the inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis and subsequent energy preservation as a protective mechanism against cardiac dysfunction during catabolic stress.
The community-driven initiative Quality Assessment and Reproducibility for Instruments & Images in Light Microscopy (QUAREP-LiMi) wants to improve reproducibility for light microscopy image data through Quality control (QC) management of instruments and images. It aims for a common set of QC guidelines for Hardware calibration and image acquisition, management and analysis.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a simple and robust route for the nanostructuring of solids that can create various surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, medicine, tribology, energy technologies, etc. While the current laser technologies already allow surface processing rates at the level of m2/min, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry, as well as by limitations in controlling the processing of LIPSS and in the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This Perspective article aims to identify some open questions about LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, we intend to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry.
Calibration-Free Chemical Process and Quality Control Units as Enablers for Modular Production
(2021)
Modular chemical production is a tangible translation of the digital transformation of the process industry for specialty chemicals. In particular, it enables the speeding-up of process development and thus a quicker time to market by flexibly connecting and orchestrating standardised physical modules and bringing them to life (i.e., parameterising them) with digitally accumulated process knowledge.
We focus on the specific challenges of chemical process and quality control, which in its current form is not well suited for modular production and provide possible approaches and examples of the change towards direct analytical methods, analytical model transfer or machine-supported processes.
A big problem with the chemistry literature is that it is not standardized with respect to precise operational parameters, and real time corrections are hard to make without expert knowledge. This lack of context means difficult reproducibility because many steps are ambiguous, and hence depend on tacit knowledge. Here we present the integration of online NMR into an automated chemical synthesis machine (CSM aka. “Chemputer” which is capable of small-molecule synthesis using a universal programming language) to allow automated analysis and adjustment of reactions on the fly. The system was validated and benchmarked by using Grignard reactions which were chosen due to their importance in synthesis. The system was monitored in real time using online-NMR, and spectra were measured continuously during the reactions. This shows that the synthesis being done in the Chemputer can be dynamically controlled in response to feedback optimizing the reaction conditions according to the user requirements.