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Aufbau eines historischen Mauerwerkskörpers ("Obelix") zur Bewertung von zerstörungsfreien Verfahren
(2004)
Zusammenfassung
Auf dem Gelände der BAM entstand im Frühjahr 2003 ein Probekörper, der die Verbindung bildet zwischen Laborprüfkörpern und realen Bauwerken aus Mauerwerk. Er dient der Validierung und Weiterentwicklung von zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren zur Untersuchung von historischem Mauerwerk. Dabei wurde große Sorgfalt auf die Materialauswahl und den strukturellen Aufbau gelegt. Die Materialien sollten denen von realen, historischen Bauwerken entsprechen. Der strukturelle Aufbau ergibt sich aus praxisrelevanten Fragestellungen. Der Probekörper steht auch anderen Arbeitsgruppen für Verfahrensvalidierungen zur Verfügung.
The German Society for Non-destructive Testing (DGZfP) is a center of activity in research, development, application and dissemination concerning non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. The transfer of results from research to practical application is one of the main targets. Therefore the Technical Committee NDT in Civil Engineering has published ten guidelines providing information from scientifical background to practical application concerning NDT-methods like radar, ultrasonic and radiography. Considering radar for example the content and structure of these guidelines is described below. To contribute to harmonization of European regulations and standards these guidelines should be transferred into the English language area. They can serve as a basis for harmonized European standards.
In this article, we present a measurement procedure to gain information about depth and angle of open surface cracks. The method is based on a local excitation with, e.g., a laser. The resulting surface temperature is recorded with an infrared camera. Based on this data, crack-caused anisotropies in the lateral heat flow can be detected and exploited to characterise the cracks.
The experimental set-up is based on a Nd:YAG laser. The beam is focused on the test sample by using an optical scanner to generate the required lateral heat flow. The time resolved temperature distribution is recorded with a high-speed infrared camera (InSb FPA, 3 to 5 µm) providing a frame rate of up to 500 Hz.
Up to now, only qualitative information was gained from measurements of this type. Whereas the local transient behaviour of temperature distribution provides also quantitative information of the crack parameters. The general concept of the method presented herein has already been published [1], but the mentioned publication is focused on the crack depth only.
In this paper, we can show that it is possible to simultaneously resolve the angle and depth and, in particular, the depth of non-perpendicular cracks.
Verfahrensentwicklung zur Qualitätssicherung Fester Fahrbahnen mit zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren
(2002)
We concentrate on appropriate algorithmic processing of microwave Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data obtained from concrete specimens containing tendon ducts below steel reinforcement bars either via simulations or via experiments. The goal is to understand the physical phenomena of electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in detail in order to optimize imaging algorithms like SAFT (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique as the NDT version of SAR) in its 3D diffraction tomographic FT-SAFT formulation (Fourier-Transform-SAFT). Therefore we start with the simulation of a "simple" specimen and switch to a more realistic one in order to check whether simulation and experiment can give comparable results. Basically, this could be confirmed, but, nevertheless, various parametric studies will still have to be performed in the future.
ONSITEFORMASONRY is a research project funded by the European Commission under the 5. Framework Programme 1998-2002 in the Thematic Programme: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development and the Key Action: The City of Tomorrow and Cultural Heritage.
The main objective of the project is the development and improvement of methodologies for the evaluation of the structure of historic masonry Cultural Heritages. For effective restoration and conservation of historic buildings, a detailed assessment of the structural safety and physical damages of the masonry structure is required. Therefore, typical masonry damages and the most frequent pathologies in each region have been identified and summarised in a catalogue of problems and damages. Selected non-destructive (NDT) and minor-destructive (MDT) techniques are performed by the partners including the development of software packages for fast and automated data analysis. The strategy for an effective and useful combination of different NDT and MDT methods will be worked out considering the results of case studies and taking into account the experiences of the consortium members. Recommendations and guidelines for the application of the integrated methodologies will be developed in close co-operation with end-users.