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The aim of this work was the preparation of a novel stationary monolithic phase for affinity chromatography and HPLC-applications. Therefore, we have chosen porous glass filters that are available with different pore sizes as raw materials to prepare monolithic columns. We purchased VitraPOR 4 (10-16 μm pore size) and VitraPOR 5 (1.0-1.6 μm pore size) monolithic glass filters. The physical properties of these glass filters were characterized. The surface area, pore size distribution and the porosity were determined using mercury intrusion porosimetry and BET. These glass filters only exhibit flow through pores and therefore show no bimodal pore size distribution in the mercury intrusion curves. Due to their low permeability, the applied filters that exhibit an inner diameter of 8.0 mm and a length of 15.0±0.1 mm could be operated at flow rates more than 10 ml/min. High flow rates are favorable for fast separation experiments.
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are prone to spontaneous and subsequent fire or explosion resulting from thermal runaway. The vented gases are not only toxic and flammable, their emission can also raise the surrounding pressure rapidly. In this study, characteristic variations of explosion pressure rise, rate of explosion pressure rise and 𝐾(sT)-value have been evaluated. The characteristic 𝐾(𝑠𝑇)-values were determined to evaluate the explosive behavior of LIBs during thermal runaway. The estimated values were compared to that of other explosive substances.
Cerro do Jarau is a conspicuous, circular morpho‐structural feature in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), with a central elevated core in the otherwise flat “Pampas” terrain typical for the border regions between Brazil and Uruguay. The structure has a diameter of approximately 13.5 km. It is centered at 30o12′S and 56o32′W and was formed on basaltic flows of the Cretaceous Serra Geral Formation, which is part of the Paraná‐Etendeka Large Igneous Province (LIP), and in sandstones of the Botucatu and Guará formations. The structure was first spotted on aerial photographs in the 1960s. Ever since, its origin has been debated, sometimes in terms of an endogenous (igneous) origin, sometimes as the result of an exogenous (meteorite impact) event. In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted in order to investigate its nature and origin. Although the results have indicated a possible impact origin, no conclusive evidence could be produced. The interpretation of an impact origin was mostly based on the morphological characteristics of the structure; geophysical data; as well as the occurrence of different breccia types; extensive deformation/silicification of the rocks within the structure, in particular the sandstones; and also on the widespread occurrence of low‐pressure deformation features, including some planar fractures (PFs). A detailed optical microscopic analysis of samples collected during a number of field campaigns since 2007 resulted in the disclosure of a large number of quartz grains from sandstone and monomict arenite breccia from the central part of the structure with PFs and feather features (FFs), as well as a number of quartz grains exhibiting planar deformation features (PDFs). While most of these latter grains only carry a single set of PDFs, we have observed several with two sets, and one grain with three sets of PDFs. Consequently, we here propose Cerro do Jarau as the seventh confirmed impact structure in Brazil. Cerro do Jarau, together with Vargeão Dome (Santa Catalina state) and Vista Alegre (Paraná State), is one of very few impact structures on Earth formed in basaltic rocks.