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Ammonia Safety
(2023)
In order to share the latest technological information in the gas field and develop the gas industry, the Korean Gas Safety Corporation host an international gas safety seminar every year by inviting domestic and foreign experts. In year 2023, the seminar focussed on the latest trends in ammonia safety management and utilization technology. BAM was asked to give a presentation on ammonia safety and its flammability in specific. Based on the international flammability classification the required explosion protection measures were presented,which are defined by the European ATEX rules. As final part of the presentation the German strategy on transformation of existing infrastructure, here especially the transformation of landbased LNG terminals, was shown as well.
Ammonia Safety
(2023)
Ammonia is an energy source that has been produced and used on a large scale for many decades, primarily as a fertilizer or feedstock in nitrogen chemistry. The CAMPFIRE alliance, founded as part of the "WIR!- Wandel durch Innovation in der Region" funding program of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), aims to research and develop new energy conversion and storage technologies for the future energy system based on green ammonia. The safe handling of ammonia is an important issue along the entire value chain. Therefore, the alliance has organized a webinar to discuss the topic of ammonia safety and in particular its flammability. BAM's contribution presented the topic of flammability in detail, placed the classification of ammonia in an international, European and national context and presented the basic principles of explosion protection that result from this and must be observed during use and application.
Explosion protection of oxidation reactions in micro reactors was investigated. Lange et al. (2014) reported on the possibilities of operating oxidation reactions in catalyst coated micro reactors within the explosion regime, but also warned about hotspot induced thermal runaway and detonation ignition at certain conditions. Methane and ethene, representing the explosion groups IIA1 and IIB (DIN EN ISO 16852), were used in stoichiometric oxygen mixtures with respect to total oxidation, which represents the worst case scenario in terms of safety assessment. Using laser radiation on a ceramic target inside of the micro channel, an artificial, controllable hotspot was generated. The ignition temperatures of fuel gas/oxygen mixtures inside a micro reactor were measured and their dependencies on initial pressure, initial temperature, volumetric flow rate, and micro channel height were examined. Deflagration reactions prior to the detonation were observed for the first time inside a micro reactor.