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Composite pressure vessels for transporting dangerous goods and for hydrogen and natural gas vehicles consist of a load-bearing composite and a gas-tight, metallic or polymeric barrier layer (liner). To investigate the aging behavior of such composite pressure vessels, BAM carried out the interdisciplinary project COD-AGE. The aim of the project was the development of methods and models for the description and determination of the aging behavior of carbon fiber composites using the example of pressure vessels in order to better predict aging and safe working life. One focus of this project was the provision of suitable NDT methods. These included both test-related tests and the possible development of test equipment for later practical use.
In the lecture, test results of the age-related eddy current test on composite pressure vessels are presented.
In aging tests, pressure vessels made of an approximately 4 mm thick aluminum liner and approx. 8 mm thick CFRP layer were examined. Typical application of such pressure vessels are respiratory protective devices of the fire department. The pressure vessels were tested using conventional eddy current technology from the outer and inner side as well as with high-frequency eddy current technology. Both damage to the metallic liner and structures of the CFRP could be detected. A particular mechanical challenge was the inspection of the inside of the liners, since a cylindrical surface with an inside diameter of 150 mm has to be tested with an access of only 15 mm diameter.
The effect of different Weibull parameter from different carbon fibres to predict the failure of a type IV pressure vessel has been analysed. In addition, the effect of the shape and scale parameter has also been done. T700S fibres gave higher burst pressure prediction as it has higher scale parameter and higher stiffness of the fibres. When smaller scale parameter is introduced, lower burst pressure prediction was found and vice versa. Whereas, higher burst pressure prediction was observed when smaller shape parameter was used and vice versa. The latter must have something to do with the higher probability of stronger and weaker fibres in the smaller percentile.