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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Motivated by the aim of developing an additive manufacturing (AM) technology easily integrated in the process chains of the ceramic industry, the LSD-print technology was conceived as a slurry-based variation of binder jetting (BJ).
BJ and other powder bed technologies (such as powder bed fusion) are amongst the most successful AM techniques, especially for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The possibility to use commercially available feedstocks (in the form of powders or granules) makes BJ also attractive for ceramic materials. The application of these techniques to most advanced ceramics has however been difficult so far, because of the limitations in depositing homogeneous layers with fine, typically poorly flowable powders.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) was proposed at TU Clausthal (Germany) as a slurry-based deposition of ceramic layers by means of a doctor blade. Combined with layer-by-layer laser sintering of the material, the LSD process was originally demonstrated for the rapid prototyping of silicate ceramics. Due to the difficulties in controlling the microstructure and the defect formation in laser-sintered technical ceramics, the LSD process was later combined with inkjet printing in the LSD-print technology, which has been further developed at BAM (Germany) in the past decade.
The LSD-print technology combines the high speed of inkjet printing, typical of BJ, with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. Due to the mechanical stability of the powder bed, the process can also be carried out with continuous layer deposition on a rotating platform, which further increases its productivity.
This presentation will delve into 10 years of research on the LSD-print of a wide variety of technical ceramics including alumina, silicon carbides and dental ceramics. The discussion highlights how a seemingly small process and feedstock modification (from powders to slurries) has great influence on the challenges and potential of this process, which are being addressed on its path to industrialization.
The presentation will start with an overview of ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and will discuss the potential of AM in the field of bioceramics.
The presentation will then focus on two possible use cases of binder jetting technologies.
In the first example, standard powder-based binder jetting is used to manufacture a porous implant design for large scale bone defects. The related challenges in the process chain will be discussed, from powder synthesis to sintering and characterization of the printed part.
In the second example, the LSD-print slurry-based binder jetting technology is presented as a possibility to adapt powder-bed AM to produce dense ceramic parts. The use case will focus on an application in the field of dental ceramics, specifically for the manufacturing of patient individualized single tooth restorations (veneers, crowns) with a high throughput process chain.
The presentations discusses a use case for the optimization of concrete structures where structural and material design are integrated in a computational workflow. The workflow is based on both physics-based and data-based models and experimental data is used to calibrate/train these models with a specific focus on the integration of ucertainties.
Sunlight is an almost unavoidable environmental cue and plays a fundamental role in the biology of pro- and eukaryotic organisms. To cope with sunlight-associated stresses e.g., high temperatures, UV radiation with associated DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), desiccation and osmotic stresses, it is important for organisms to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. The benefits of light are obvious for green organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae and plants which use light as an energy source (photosynthesis). Less apparent are other light-dependent processes such as light-driven DNA repair by photolyases (photoreactivation) or ion pumping by microbial opsins. Fungi that can share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. Rock-inhabiting Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess many proteins for absorbing UV/blue, green, red and far-red light, produce the black 1,8 dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin and orange-red carotenoids, and may live in multispecies biofilms. Here, we are addressing the question to which extent constitutive pigment formation (melanin and carotenoids) and responses mediated by the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase contribute to the observed light (UV-B) tolerance of K. petricola.
Lecture-like introduction in the topic. Fundamental aspects are discussed: Burning of polymers, fire risks, pyrolysis, combustion in the flame, physical chemistry of ignition, flame spread and steady state burning, flame retardancy mechanisms and groups of flame retardants, fire hazards (smoke, toxic products) and environmental concerns, fire testing.
The presentation gives an overview of BAM's activities on processing influences and application properties of MPEAs in the form of joined and machined high and medium entropy alloys (CoCrFeMnNi and CoCrNi). In the case of welding, the focus is on defect-free welded joints with sufficient mechanical properties. In the case of machining, the focus is on the possible influence on the surface quality of the materials through adequate milling parameters. In addition, the hydrogen absorption and diffusion properties as well as the electrochemical corrosion behavior are fundamentally examined.
The Microplastic Microbiome
(2024)
Microplastics represent man-made and newly emerging surfaces in our ecosystems, where they interact with microorganisms. The ecosystem in focus of this presentation will be the aquatic environment. It will be portrayed, which microorganisms use microplastics as a habitat, how environmental factors shape this colonization, and why the biodegradation of plastics in the ocean is an overall unlikely process. We will also discuss whether potentially pathogenic microorganisms use microplastics as a raft. Finally, possible adaptation mechanisms of plastic-colonizing microorganisms will be presented, such as the production of photoreactive molecules. The microplastic microbiome has a large potential to harbor so far unknown species with curious traits, representing an exciting research topic for the future.
Any surface in the environment acts as hotspot for microbial attachment and activity. These biofilms represent the interface between humans and the environment.
While in the past biofilms were often seen as disturbance, we now start to understand the enormous potential of beneficial biofilms. They can be used in a broad range of applications and are sources for new microorganisms and traits. After all, biofilms represent a great example for a collaborative lifestyle.
Driven by recent technological advances and the need for improved viral diagnostic applications, mass spectrometry-based proteomics comes into play for detecting viral pathogens accurately and efficiently. However, the lack of specific algorithms and software tools presents a major bottleneck for analyzing data from host-virus samples. For example, accurate species- and strain-level classification of a priori unidentified organisms remains a very challenging task in the setting of large search databases. Another prominent issue is that many existing solutions suffer from the protein inference issue, aggravated because many homologous proteins are present across multiple species. One of the contributing factors is that existing bioinformatic algorithms have been developed mainly for single-species proteomics applications for model organisms or human samples. In addition, a statistically sound framework was lacking to accurately assign peptide identifications to viral taxa. In this presentation, an overview is given on current bioinformatics developments that aim to overcome the above-mentioned issues using algorithmic and statistical methods. The presented methods and software tools aim to provide tailored solutions for both discovery-driven and targeted proteomics for viral diagnostics and taxonomic sample profiling. Furthermore, an outlook is provided on how the bioinformatic developments might serve as a generic toolbox, which can be transferred to other research questions, such as metaproteomics for profiling microbiomes and identifying bacterial pathogens.
The properties of laser radiation result in a wide range of applications, making laser technologies indispensable in areas such as industry, science and medicine. The possible areas of application for thermography in this context are just as diverse. Thermography is used in laser applications when permanent monitoring and control of thermal development is necessary. Among others, this is the case in additive manufacturing, laser-based measuring devices and non-destructive testing. Furthermore, thermography is ideally suited as a testing method when it comes to ensuring the quality of the laser itself. In this talk it is outlined, how lasers can be used as a heat source in active thermographic testing. Furthermore, two special variants (spatial & temporal structured heating) are described, for which lasers are highly suitable.