Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (22)
- Vortrag (22)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (17)
- Posterpräsentation (6)
- Buchkapitel (3)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (3)
- Sonstiges (1)
Schlagworte
- Standards (74) (entfernen)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (21)
- S.2 Digitalisierung der Qualitätsinfrastruktur (21)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (5)
- 6 Materialchemie (4)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (4)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (3)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (3)
- 3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern (3)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (2)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (2)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (22)
In den letzten zwei Jahren wurden 11 neue Standards/Standardrevisionen zur RT veröffentlicht (ohne Strahlenschutz) und 5 werden dafür gestrichen. Es wird über die neuen Anforderungen ausgewählter Normen bzw. Normrevisionen informiert und insbesondere auch über die veränderten Parameter, die bei Prüfpraxis und bei der Klassifizierung zu berücksichtigen sind. Das wichtigste Projekt ist die Revision der DIN EN ISO 17636-1, -2, RT von Schweißverbindungen, in ISO TC 44 SC 5 WG 1. Die Standards zur Schweißnahtprüfung in der Kerntechnik, DIN 25435, wurden ins Englische übertragen und bei ISO TC 85 SC 6 bearbeitet. Hauptaktivität bei ASTM ist gegenwärtig die Überarbeitung der CT-Standards und die Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen an das dimensionelle Messen. Der Guide ASTM E 1441 zur Bestimmung von MTF, Kontrast-Detail-Funktion (CDF) und Kontrast-Diskrimination-Diagramm (CDD) wird revidiert. E 2445 zur CR Long Term Stability wird ebenfalls revidiert. Die Revision soll auch in die ISO 16371-1 eingehen. Dazu ist ein Round Robin-Test geplant. Auch die Standards zur Durchstrahlungsprüfung auf Korrosion und Ablagerungen in Rohren mit Röntgen- und Gammastrahlen (EN 16407-1, -2, 2014) wurden revidiert. Diese Revision wurde als DIN EN ISO 20769-1, -2 2018 veröffentlicht und EN 16407 wird zurückgezogen. Die Revision der Standards EN 12543 und EN 12679 zur Messung der Brennfleckgröße und der Strahlergröße ist mit Verzögerung in Überarbeitung, um die digitalen Detektoren und Messmöglichkeiten mit Bildverarbeitungsprogrammen zu berücksichtigen. Ein Entwurf zur Messung der Brennfleckgröße von nano-Fokusröhren wird derzeit vom Europäischen Metrologie-Programm EMPIR gefördert. Zur radiographischen Gussteilprüfung wurde der Standard EN 12681 revidiert und 2018 veröffentlicht. Er wurde um Zulässigkeitsgrenzen erweitert und die digitale Radiographie wurde in Teil 2 berücksichtigt.
There is an increasing interest in chromophores absorbing and emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region, e.g., for applications as fluorescent reporters for optical imaging techniques and hence, in reliable methods for the characterization of their signal-relevant properties like the fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) and brightness. The lack of well established Φf standards for the NIR region in conjunction with the need for accurate Φf measurements in transparent and scattering media encouraged us to built up an integrating sphere setup for spectrally resolved measurements of absolute fluorescence traceable to radiometric scales. Here, we present the design of this setup and its characterization and validation including an uncertainty budget for the determination of absolute Φf in the visible and NIR. To provide the basis for better measurements of Φf in the spectral window from ca. 600 to 1000 nm used, e.g., for optical imaging, the absolute Φf of a set of NIR chromophores covering this spectral region are measured and compared to relative values obtained using rhodamine 101 as Φf standard. Additionally, the absolute Φf values of some red dyes that are among the most commonly used labels in the life sciences are presented as well as the absolute quantum yield of an optical probe for tumor imaging.
Tribological profile of hydraulic oils by using SRV. The determination of a set of critical, tribological by using different SRV-based test methods. The SRV-based concept of tribological profile generates the wear volumes on two triboelements (specimen), the extreme pressure properties and friction under different contact pressures.
Thus, the benchmark and validation of hydraulic oils bear on a wider range of tribological properties.
The RR2016 extends with six hydraulic oils to other base oil types including biodegradable fluids, which were all tested according to ASTM D7043 in order to consolidate the correlation between SRV and V104C.
Actions from the meeting in April 2016: 1. Four SAC test methods are in place and were revised: SH/T 0721 (Grease, coefficient of friction and wear), SH/T 0784 (Grease, pass load/O.K. load), SH/T 0847 (Oil, coefficient of friction and wear) and SH/T 0882 released by 11-2014 (Oil, pass load/O.K. load). 2. New test method to evaluate anti-fretting properties of greases based was approved by SAC TC280 and will be released. 3. SAC TC280 accepted the project “Simulation of synchronizer by using SRV”. Draft text to be submitted by 03-2017. Discussions on a parallel ASTM test method. 4. A procedure for “Wear Volume” is under development for SAC TC280.
„Cliff“-testing by using SRV
The identification in engine or gear tests of the induction time or off-set point („cliff“), after which wear and friction increased.
“Cliff” testing as auxiliary method supports the interpretation of engine tests, as it enhances the values of expensive engine tests, because it enables correlations between friction & wear, either from engine or in SRV tests, with additive depletion, oxidation, viscometrics and dispersancy/detergency.
Oil samples taken in discrete intervals and “Cliff” tested monitors the evolution of tribological and functional properties versus engine running time. “Cliff” testing by using SRV is a purposeful tool in order to secure and accelerate metallurgical developments and the development of lubricant formulations.
South Africa and recently Nigeria are the only net exporter of cement in Africa, yet cements are imported into the country mainly on the basis of price competitiveness. This poses potential for scatter in the properties of the cements in the South African market as pricing seems to be the only determining factor that affects Portland cements imported. A survey of cements of grade 42.5N in the South African cement market was carried out to identify major players in the industry. The identified cements, which included four locally produced and one imported cement were then analysed for both chemical composition and physical properties in line with the Eurocode EN 196. Tests carried out include loss on ignition, chloride content, sulphate content, specific surface (Blaine), standard consistence, initial setting time, final setting time, soundness and flexural and compressive strength at 2, 7 and 28 days. The testing program was initiated as part of on-going Africa-wide cement testing competency program in partnership with BAM and PTB in Germany. The performance of the identified cements from the different local manufacturers and the imported cement were analysed and are presented in this paper. These results reveal some similarities and differences in the properties. Particularly of interest is the marked difference in the 28 days compressive strength of the cements. This paper shows that there is need for further tests across the cement industry as some of the cements failed to meet certain requirement as set by EN 196. The paper also recommends the use of proficiency testing schemes in the cement industry of the country to ensure the cement laboratories are providing results of high quality and at the same time act as a check to make sure these laboratories are not failing to meet standard requirements.
To validate the European standard ENV 843-4 for hardness measurements on ceramics, three classes of ceramic materials, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and aluminium oxide, involving 19 ceramics in total, were tested using the traditional techniques Vickers (HV1), Knoop (HK2), and superficial Rockwell (HR45N). The use of new ceramic reference blocks certified according to the standards ISO 4547 and ISO 6507-1 for metallic materials was studied. If the hardness response of the tested materials does not involve chipping and cracking the application of high hardness reference blocks for training users to obtain hardness values comparable with the certified HV1 and HK2 values improves the reproducibility from about 10% to 1 to 3%. The scatter between the laboratories is similar to the scatter within the laboratories. The measurement of the indentation geometry on typical commercial ceramic materials can be made only with higher scatter and reduced reproducibility compared with typical metallic materials, which is caused by the stochastic indentation response. For such materials involving chipping and cracking (for instance SiC), the application of reference blocks with well-shaped indentations does not provide improved comparability of results between the laboratories. The actual indentation response of the ceramic material tested must be considered before selecting the appropriate hardness technique and test force. There is no significant difference between the abilities of the hardness techniques HV1, HK2, and HR45N to discriminate sensitively between materials of closely similar properties.
The standard for advanced technical ceramics ENV 843-4 of 1995 (Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness tests) was validated within the framework of the CERANORM EC-project. The paper reports on depth sensing hardness measurements done for comparison with the other hardness tests. The instrumented indentation test is a modern technique (recent issue ISO/DIS 14577) that has the potential to take into account the specific response of materials in a much better way. An evaluation has been made to establish whether the instrumented hardness technique is a appropriate method for advanced technical ceramics and offers potential for additional applications.
The mechanical characterization of adobe bricks is an important first step in the study of the behaviour of adobe masonry. For this reason, in the last decades, different authors have conducted research on the mechanical behaviour of adobes from various regions of the world. Despite the importance of mechanical characterization, there are still only a few standards and normative documents with clear indications for the mechanical testing of earthen materials and, in general, These indications are not thorough and vary among different countries. Consequently, authors tend to adopt different types of test specimens and procedures in their experimental work, thus obtaining results that are not directly comparable. The fact that the materials and procedures traditionally used are also not standardized,varying greatly from region to region, also contributes to the difficulty of comparing results from different studies. This chapter presents a review of the indications provided by codes, standards and other technical recommendations for the mechanical testing of adobe bricks, as well as a detailed review of procedures adopted, and results obtained by different authors regarding the mechanical characterization of traditional adobe bricks. This chapter focuses, in particular, on the behaviour of adobe bricks when subjected to simple compression. It provides an overview of the existing knowledge and identifies needs for future research and development.
Introduction
(2020)
The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive collection of analytical methods that are commonly used to measure nanoparticles, providing information on one, or more, property of importance. The chapters provide up-to-date information and guidance on the use of these techniques, detailing the manner in which they may be reliably employed. Within this chapter, we detail the rationale and context of the whole book, which is driven by the observation of a low level of reproducibility in nanoparticle research. The aim of the book is to encourage awareness of both the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods used to measure nanoparticles and raise awareness of the range of methods that are available. The editors of the book have, for many years, been engaged in European projects and standardization activities concerned with nanoparticle analysis and have identified authors who are experts in the various methods included within the book. This has produced a book that can be used as a definitive guide to current best practice in nanoparticle measurement.