Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (2)
- Vortrag (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (3)
Schlagworte
- CFD model (3) (entfernen)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (1)
A volumetric source based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for estimating the wind and gravity driven spread of an elevated released dense hazardous cloud on a flat terrain without and with obstacles is demonstrated. The model considers the development of a worst-case scenario similar to that occurred at Bhopal. Fully developed clouds of a dense gas having different densities, under ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) with calm ground wind conditions are first obtained. These clouds are then allowed to spread under ABL with different ground wind speeds and gravity conditions. The developed model is validated by performing the grid independent study, the fluid dynamical evidences, post-disaster facts, the downwind MIC (Methyl Isocynate) concentrations estimated by earlier models and experiments on dense plume trajectories. It is shown that in case of an active dispersion under calm wind conditions the lateral spread would prevail over the downwind spread. The presence of a dense medium behaves like a weak porous media and initiates turbulence at much smaller downwind distances than that normally would occur without the dense medium. The safety distances from toxic exposures of MIC are predicted by specifying an isosurface of a minimum concentration above the ground surface. Discrepancies in near-field predictions still exist. However, the far-field predictions agree well with data published before.
The explosion and fire incidents with buried gas pipelines are increasing globally e.g. San Bruno (USA, 2010), East Godavari (India, 2014) and Ludwigshafen (Germany, 2014) are only a few to quote. There are a number of parameters involved behind the occurrence of these incidents such as human mistake, intended efforts leading to major or minor leak, ex-plosion due to depressurization, crater formation, spill of gaseous fuel in the nearby regions and pool/jet/crater fires. In continuation to [3] these parameters are investigated for Ludwigs-hafen incident in the present work. The semi-empirical and advanced CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based models are utilized to assess the damages caused by the explosion overpressures. Recommendations are also provided on minimum safety distance to be consid-ered for such pipelines to avoid/foresee/mitigate similar hazards in future.
One of the main factors affecting the use of lasers in the industry for welding thick structures is the process accompanying solidification cracks. These cracks mostly occurring along the welding direction in the welding center, and strongly affect the safety of the welded components. In the present study, to obtain a better understanding of the relation between the weld pool geometry, the stress distribution and the solidification cracking, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was combined with a thermo-mechanical model. The CFD model was employed to analyze the flow of the molten metal in the weld pool during the laser beam welding process. The weld pool geometry estimated from the CFD model was used as a heat source in the thermal model to calculate the temperature field and the stress development and distributions. The CFD results showed a bulging region in the middle depth of the weld and two narrowing areas separating the bulging region from the top and bottom surface. The thermo-mechanical simulations showed a concentration of tension stresses, transversally and vertically, directly after the solidification during cooling in the region of the solidification cracking.