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The capabilities of pedestrians for evacuation have a significant impact on the time required to reach a safe place. Usually, the evacuation is split into two main stages: pre-movement-phase and movement-phase. For both a large number of studies investigate different representations of behaviour and impacts. But the influence of impairments is usually not taken into account. In addition, most of the scientific researches focus the investigation of the movement phase.
This publication presents a novel approach to score the need for assistance and to estimate the effect on evacuation performance. The proposed score considers characteristic impairments in three dimensions of behaviour: reception, perception and realisation.
In an unannounced evacuation training in a sheltered workshop, the evacuation behaviour and pre-movement phase were analysed. The analysis indicates that the pre-movement time depends on the kind of impairment as well as on organisational boundaries. Despite the special needs for assistance, the evacuation process in a sheltered workshop is quite similar to other sub-populations.
The understanding of human behavior during evacuation processes is an important matter to improve the safety of infrastructures. In many countries, the implementation of performance based codes enables fire safety engineers to use computer based calculation tools to predict and evaluate pedestrian movement and human behavior in buildings. The models are based on experimentally obtained parameters and theoretical models. Pedestrian behavior can be influenced by the characteristics of the buildings (e.g. type of the building) as well as the characteristics of individuals and the pedestrian group.
This paper shows that the approach of Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) / Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) is imprecise with regard on heterogeneous pedestrian groups, because this concept completely neglected the variability’s in individual pre-movement and movement abilities.