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Characterization of temperature influence on the structural build-up of 3D printed concrete

  • 3D concrete printing technologies enhance design freedom while reducing material use and costs without the need for formwork. Thereby, structural build-up is the key property governing stability and early strength evolution of 3D printed concrete after placement. Structural build-up is influenced by various factors, i.e., environmental conditions such as temperature. In this paper, the influence of ambient temperature on structural build-up was investigated through experimental and numerical approaches. Three experimental setups (small amplitude oscillatory shear, constant shear rate, and small amplitude oscillatory extensional tests) were applied to materials of increasing complexity under varying temperature conditions. A common modeling framework based on the maturity approach was developed to capture the time and temperature evolution. A stochastic framework was employed to estimate the unknown model parameters using experimental data. Experimental results demonstrate a significant3D concrete printing technologies enhance design freedom while reducing material use and costs without the need for formwork. Thereby, structural build-up is the key property governing stability and early strength evolution of 3D printed concrete after placement. Structural build-up is influenced by various factors, i.e., environmental conditions such as temperature. In this paper, the influence of ambient temperature on structural build-up was investigated through experimental and numerical approaches. Three experimental setups (small amplitude oscillatory shear, constant shear rate, and small amplitude oscillatory extensional tests) were applied to materials of increasing complexity under varying temperature conditions. A common modeling framework based on the maturity approach was developed to capture the time and temperature evolution. A stochastic framework was employed to estimate the unknown model parameters using experimental data. Experimental results demonstrate a significant temperature influence on structural build-up, consistent across all test setups and materials. The calibrated models successfully predict the structural build-up under different temperatures, confirming the applicability of the maturity approach to rheological parameters at early age. Furthermore, the stochastic parameter estimation allows a correct quantification of the uncertainties, enhancing model reliability. The comparison of two time evolution formulations indicates that a model with an additional linear stage is required for predicting the increase of the storage moduli ( $${G}{\prime}$$ G ′ , $${E}{\prime}$$ E ′ ). In conclusion, the study demonstrates that temperature significantly affects the structural build-up, and that the proposed modeling approach allows to predict this behavior.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Annika Robens-RadermacherORCiD, Wolfram SchmidtORCiD, Jörg F. UngerORCiD, Alexander MezhovORCiD
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Materials and Structures
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2026
Organisationseinheit der BAM:7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.4 Baustofftechnologie
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.7 Modellierung und Simulation
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Verlag:Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Jahrgang/Band:59
Ausgabe/Heft:2
Aufsatznummer:63
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:20
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau
Freie Schlagwörter:3D concrete printing; Green intelligent building; Modeling; Rheology; Structural build-up; Temperature influence
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Infrastruktur
Infrastruktur / Green Intelligent Building
DOI:10.1617/s11527-025-02931-3
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654138
ISSN:1359-5997
Zugehöriger Identifikator:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15845819
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:26.01.2026
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:02.02.2026
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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