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Scientific report - Impact of the use of azole fungicides, other than as human medicines, on the development of azole‐resistant Aspergillus spp.

  • The use of azoles in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) other than as human medicines has raised concerns about emergence and spread of azole‐resistant Aspergillus species. EU agencies, with the support of JRC, reviewed the evidence and provided conclusions and recommendations on this topic. Although incomplete, data from 2010 to 2021 showed that around 120,000 tonnes of azoles were sold in EU/EEA for uses other than as human medicines. The majority are used as plant protection products (119,000 tonnes), with a stable temporal trend. Evidence supported a link between environmental azole exposure and cross‐resistance selection to medical azoles in Aspergillus species (primarily shown for A. fumigatus). Prevalence of azole‐resistant A. fumigatus in human A. fumigatus infections ranges from 0.7% to 63.6% among different disease presentations and geographic regions; mortality rates range from 36% to 100% for invasive aspergillosis (IA). It was concluded that azole usageThe use of azoles in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) other than as human medicines has raised concerns about emergence and spread of azole‐resistant Aspergillus species. EU agencies, with the support of JRC, reviewed the evidence and provided conclusions and recommendations on this topic. Although incomplete, data from 2010 to 2021 showed that around 120,000 tonnes of azoles were sold in EU/EEA for uses other than as human medicines. The majority are used as plant protection products (119,000 tonnes), with a stable temporal trend. Evidence supported a link between environmental azole exposure and cross‐resistance selection to medical azoles in Aspergillus species (primarily shown for A. fumigatus). Prevalence of azole‐resistant A. fumigatus in human A. fumigatus infections ranges from 0.7% to 63.6% among different disease presentations and geographic regions; mortality rates range from 36% to 100% for invasive aspergillosis (IA). It was concluded that azole usage outside the human domain is likely or very likely to contribute to selection of azole‐resistant A. fumigatus isolates that could cause severe disease like IA. Environmental hotspots for resistance selection were identified, including stockpiling of agricultural waste and their possible use as soil amendment/fertiliser for certain agricultural crops (for plant protection products) and freshly cut wood (for biocides). Recommendations were formulated on measures to prevent and control selection of azole resistance in A. fumigatus, including implementation of good agricultural/horticultural practices, proper agricultural and wood waste storage and management, and on approval of new azole fungicides or renewal of existing fungicides. Recommendations on topics to be covered by studies provided when submitting applications for the approval of azole fungicides were listed. For the evaluation of such studies within the approval procedure, a preliminary framework for risk assessment was developed and should be further refined. Data gaps and uncertainties were identified, alongside with respective recommendations to address them.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), European Environment Agency (EEA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC)
Koautor*innen:Frank SchreiberORCiD, et al.
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):EFSA Journal
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2025
Organisationseinheit der BAM:4 Material und Umwelt
4 Material und Umwelt / 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Herausgeber (Institution):European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
Verlag:Wiley
Verlagsort:Hoboken, NJ
Jahrgang/Band:23
Ausgabe/Heft:1
Aufsatznummer:e9200
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:35
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
Freie Schlagwörter:Antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobial surfaces; Azoles; Biocides; Fungi; Wood preservatives
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Umwelt
Umwelt / Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen
DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9200
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652175
ISSN:1831-4732
Zugehöriger Identifikator:https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-652187
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY-ND - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:19.12.2025
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:19.12.2025
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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