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Insights into Mechanochemical Solid-State Ball-Milling Reaction: Monitoring Transition from Heterogeneous to Homogeneous Conditions

  • As mechanochemical synthesis has advanced significantly, there has been intense interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these reactions. Given that many mechanochemical processes are conducted in the solid-state without solvation yet sometimes yield faster reactions than those in solution, we sought to address the following question: Are mechanochemical reactions homo- or heterogeneous? To investigate, we employed a model system involving the mixing and copolymerization of l-lactide (LLA) and d-lactide (DLA), monitored through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry. In situ and ex situ PXRD analyses of the mixture of LLA and DLA showed that vibratory ball milling rapidly transformed the initially heterogeneous lactide mixture into a homogeneous phase within one min due to collisions between the balls and the jar. By varying the milling conditions, we were able to regulate the level of mixing, which subsequentlyAs mechanochemical synthesis has advanced significantly, there has been intense interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these reactions. Given that many mechanochemical processes are conducted in the solid-state without solvation yet sometimes yield faster reactions than those in solution, we sought to address the following question: Are mechanochemical reactions homo- or heterogeneous? To investigate, we employed a model system involving the mixing and copolymerization of l-lactide (LLA) and d-lactide (DLA), monitored through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry. In situ and ex situ PXRD analyses of the mixture of LLA and DLA showed that vibratory ball milling rapidly transformed the initially heterogeneous lactide mixture into a homogeneous phase within one min due to collisions between the balls and the jar. By varying the milling conditions, we were able to regulate the level of mixing, which subsequently influenced the copolymerization outcomes. In the solid-state ball-milling copolymerization of LLA and DLA in the presence of a catalyst and initiator, multiblock copolymers of poly(l-lactic acid) and poly(d-lactic acid) were formed within one min during the early stage of the reaction, when incomplete mixing of the monomers led to a process governed by phase heterogeneity. In contrast, prolonged polymerization promoted conditions approaching homogeneity, ultimately yielding atactic poly(lactic acid). This transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous reactions is a distinctive feature compared to conventional homogeneous reactions, potentially leading to mechano-exclusive reaction designs.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Autor*innen:Eun Sul Go, Eun Ji Hong, Ji Yeong Lee, Tomislav StolarORCiD, Gregory I. PetersonORCiD, Franziska EmmerlingORCiD, Kyoungsoo KimORCiD, Jeung Gon KimORCiD
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):JACS Au
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2025
Organisationseinheit der BAM:6 Materialchemie
6 Materialchemie / 6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere
6 Materialchemie / 6.3 Strukturanalytik
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Verlag:American Chemical Society (ACS)
Jahrgang/Band:5
Ausgabe/Heft:6
Erste Seite:2720
Letzte Seite:2727
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Freie Schlagwörter:Ball-milling; Heterogeneous reaction; Homogeneous reaction; Mechanochemistry
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Material
Material / Advanced Materials
DOI:10.1021/jacsau.5c00322
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-638008
ISSN:2691-3704
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:28.07.2025
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:28.07.2025
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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