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Mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete: a RILEM TC 304-ADC interlaboratory study — flexural and tensile strength

  • This paper discusses the flexural and tensile strength properties of 3D printed concrete, based on the results of a RILEM TC 304-ADC interlaboratory study on mechanical properties. These properties are determined using different testing techniques, including 3- and 4-point flexural tests, splitting tests, and uniaxial tension tests, on specimens extracted from large 3D printed elements in accordance with a prescribed study plan. The relationship between compressive and flexural or tensile strengths, cast or printed samples, different types of tests, and different loading orientations, are analysed to understand the influence of 3D printing. As expected, the strength can reduce significantly when the main tensile stress is acting perpendicular to the interface between layers. The role of deviations from the standard study procedure, in terms of the time interval between the placing of subsequent layers, or the adoption of a different curing strategy, are also assessed. While theThis paper discusses the flexural and tensile strength properties of 3D printed concrete, based on the results of a RILEM TC 304-ADC interlaboratory study on mechanical properties. These properties are determined using different testing techniques, including 3- and 4-point flexural tests, splitting tests, and uniaxial tension tests, on specimens extracted from large 3D printed elements in accordance with a prescribed study plan. The relationship between compressive and flexural or tensile strengths, cast or printed samples, different types of tests, and different loading orientations, are analysed to understand the influence of 3D printing. As expected, the strength can reduce significantly when the main tensile stress is acting perpendicular to the interface between layers. The role of deviations from the standard study procedure, in terms of the time interval between the placing of subsequent layers, or the adoption of a different curing strategy, are also assessed. While the increased time interval significantly impacts the strength in the critical direction, the use of variable curing conditions does not seem to have a clear-cut effect on the strength ratios of the printed to cast specimens. Additionally, the paper looks at the variability in the results for the printed specimens, in order to emphasize the need for multiple replicates for obtaining a proper result. An extensive insight into the aspects affecting the variability is presented in the paper. Finally, with the limited dataset available for specimens tested at a larger scale, it is difficult to arrive at a clear understanding of the role of specimen size (i.e., greater number of layers).zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Autor*innen:Rob WolfsORCiD, Jelle VersteegenORCiD, Manu SanthanamORCiD, Shantanu BhattacherjeeORCiD, Freek BosORCiD, Annika Robens-RadermacherORCiD, Shravan MuthukrishnanORCiD, Costantino MennaORCiD, Onur OzturkORCiD, Nilufer OzyurtORCiD, Josef Roupec, Christiane RichterORCiD, Jörg JungwirthORCiD, Luiza MirandaORCiD, Rebecca AmmannORCiD, Jean-François CaronORCiD, Victor de BonoORCiD, Renate MonteORCiD, Iván NavarreteORCiD, Claudia EugeninORCiD, Hélène Lombois‑BurgerORCiD, Bilal BazORCiD, Maris SinkaORCiD, Alise SapataORCiD, Ilhame HarbouzORCiD, Yamei ZhangORCiD, Zijian JiaORCiD, Jacques KrugerORCiD, Jean‑Pierre MostertORCiD, Katarina ŠterORCiD, Aljoša ŠajnaORCiD, Abdelhak KaciORCiD, Said RahalORCiD, Chalermwut SnguanyatORCiD, Arun ArunothayanORCiD, Zengfeng ZhaoORCiD, Inka MaiORCiD, Inken Jette RasehornORCiD, David BöhlerORCiD, Niklas FreundORCiD, Dirk LowkeORCiD, Tobias NeefORCiD, Markus TaubertORCiD, Daniel AuerORCiD, C. Maximilian HechtlORCiD, Maximilian DahlenburgORCiD, Laura EspositoORCiD, Richard BuswellORCiD, John KolawoleORCiD, Muhammad Nura IsaORCiD, Xingzi LiuORCiD, Zhendi WangORCiD, Kolluru SubramaniamORCiD, Viktor MechtcherineORCiD
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Materials and Structures
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2025
Organisationseinheit der BAM:7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.7 Modellierung und Simulation
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Verlag:Springer Nature
Jahrgang/Band:58
Ausgabe/Heft:5
Aufsatznummer:182
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:33
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau
Freie Schlagwörter:3D concrete printing; Digital fabrication; Flexural strength; Interlayer bond strength; Tensile strength
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Infrastruktur
Infrastruktur / Green Intelligent Building
DOI:10.1617/s11527-025-02687-w
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634655
ISSN:1871-6873
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:25.06.2025
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:16.07.2025
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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