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Activation of persulfate by biochar and iron: role of biochar pyrolysis conditions and ash amendments

  • Redox-active biochars can enhance contaminant transformation in persulfate-based Fenton-like water treatment by facilitating Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II). However, biochar properties vary greatly depending on both feedstock selection and pyrolysis conditions. Best suited biochars for Fe(III) reduction and persulfate activation have yet to be identified. Here, we investigated eight biochars for their ability to activate persulfate with Fe(III) to transform N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in water. Four of the biochars were produced from beech wood under different pyrolysis conditions (450–750 °C, high and low nitrogen flow rate in the reactor) and four biochars were produced from softwood amended with 0 – 43 weight percent (wt%) wood ash prior to pyrolysis at 500 °C. Beech wood biochar produced at 450 °C transformed DEET most efficiently with a half-life time of 39 ± 4 min, likely due to the high concentration of surface oxygen functional groups and persistent free radicals thatRedox-active biochars can enhance contaminant transformation in persulfate-based Fenton-like water treatment by facilitating Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II). However, biochar properties vary greatly depending on both feedstock selection and pyrolysis conditions. Best suited biochars for Fe(III) reduction and persulfate activation have yet to be identified. Here, we investigated eight biochars for their ability to activate persulfate with Fe(III) to transform N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in water. Four of the biochars were produced from beech wood under different pyrolysis conditions (450–750 °C, high and low nitrogen flow rate in the reactor) and four biochars were produced from softwood amended with 0 – 43 weight percent (wt%) wood ash prior to pyrolysis at 500 °C. Beech wood biochar produced at 450 °C transformed DEET most efficiently with a half-life time of 39 ± 4 min, likely due to the high concentration of surface oxygen functional groups and persistent free radicals that accelerated Fe(III) reduction and formation of reactive species. Among the ash-amended biochars, biochar with 16 wt% ash amendment showed the most efficient DEET transformation with a half-life time of 27 ± 0.6 min, which is 10-times faster compared to a non-ash-amended biochar produced from the same biomass under similar pyrolysis conditions. Ash amendment led to the formation of crystalline iron minerals in biochars, which likely promoted Fe(III) reduction and persulfate activation. Our results highlight the potential for fine-tuning the redox properties of biochar, e.g., by ash amendment to a woody feedstock, enabling tailored performance for specific water treatment applications.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Yiling Zhuang, Stefan B. Haderlein, Nikolas Hagemann, Jannis Grafmüller, Karolin Gogler, Andrea Paul, Friedrich Fink, Stephanie Spahr
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Separation and Purification Technology
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2025
Organisationseinheit der BAM:1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien / 1.4 Non-Target-Analytik
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Verlag:Elsevier B.V.
Jahrgang/Band:374
Aufsatznummer:133634
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:8
DDC-Klassifikation:Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / Chemie / Analytische Chemie
Freie Schlagwörter:Fenton-like systems; Persistent free radicals; Redox-active moieties
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Chemie und Prozesstechnik / Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133634
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634504
ISSN:1383-5866
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:23.06.2025
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:26.06.2025
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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