Expandable graphite in polyurethane foams: The effect of expansion volume and intercalants on flame retardancy

  • Several expandable graphites (EGs), differing in Expansion volume but with the same mean size, are compared as flame retardants in polyurethane (PUR) foams. Not only common sulfur-intercalated graphites are investigated but also a new one intercalated with phosphorus. The main aim of this article is to understand which properties of EG are important for its flame retardancy effectiveness in PUR foams. Thermal stability, flammability, and fire behavior are analyzed through limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. Detailed characterization of the phosphorus-intercalated graphite is also provided as well as physical–mechanical characterization. The results show that the well-known sulfur-intercalated graphites and the one with phosphorus both enhance the residue yield, induce a protective layer, and thus efficiently flame-retard PUR foams. While the expansion volume of the EGs had a surprisingly limited influence on the performance of the foams, at least in the range tested, theSeveral expandable graphites (EGs), differing in Expansion volume but with the same mean size, are compared as flame retardants in polyurethane (PUR) foams. Not only common sulfur-intercalated graphites are investigated but also a new one intercalated with phosphorus. The main aim of this article is to understand which properties of EG are important for its flame retardancy effectiveness in PUR foams. Thermal stability, flammability, and fire behavior are analyzed through limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. Detailed characterization of the phosphorus-intercalated graphite is also provided as well as physical–mechanical characterization. The results show that the well-known sulfur-intercalated graphites and the one with phosphorus both enhance the residue yield, induce a protective layer, and thus efficiently flame-retard PUR foams. While the expansion volume of the EGs had a surprisingly limited influence on the performance of the foams, at least in the range tested, the most important feature Controlling the effectiveness of EG in terms of flame retardant PUR foams was the type of intercalant. The presence of EG affected the physical–mechanical properties of the foams; however, no significant effect of the expansion volume or intercalant type has been revealed on the physical–mechanical properties of the foams.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Alessandra Lorenzetti, Bettina Dittrich, Bernhard SchartelORCiD, M Roso, M Modesti
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2017
Verlag:Wiley
Jahrgang/Band:134
Ausgabe/Heft:31
Erste Seite:Article 45173, 1
Letzte Seite:8
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau
Freie Schlagwörter:Degradation; Flame retardance; Foams; Polyurethane; Thermogravimetric analysis
DOI:10.1002/app.45173
ISSN:1097-4628
ISSN:0021-8995
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Datum der Freischaltung:15.06.2017
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:15.06.2017
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