Mechanical Stimulation of Energetic Materials at the Nanoscale
- The initiation of energetic materials by mechanical stimuli is a critical stage of their functioning, but remains poorly understood. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we explore the microscopic initiation behavior of four prototypical energetic materials: 3,4-dinitropyrazole, 𝜖-CL-20, 𝛼-PETN and picric acid. Along with the various chemical structures, these energetic compounds cover a range of application types: a promising melt-cast explosive, the most powerful energetic compound in use, a widespread primary explosive, and a well-established nitroaromatic explosive from the early development of energetics. For the softest materials (picric acid and 3,4-dinitropyrazole), the surfaces were found to behave dynamically, quickly rearranging in response to mechanical deformation. The pit created by nanoscale friction stimulation on the surface of 3,4-dinitropyrazole doubled in volume upon aging for half an hour. Over the same time frame, a similar pit on picric acid surface increased inThe initiation of energetic materials by mechanical stimuli is a critical stage of their functioning, but remains poorly understood. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we explore the microscopic initiation behavior of four prototypical energetic materials: 3,4-dinitropyrazole, 𝜖-CL-20, 𝛼-PETN and picric acid. Along with the various chemical structures, these energetic compounds cover a range of application types: a promising melt-cast explosive, the most powerful energetic compound in use, a widespread primary explosive, and a well-established nitroaromatic explosive from the early development of energetics. For the softest materials (picric acid and 3,4-dinitropyrazole), the surfaces were found to behave dynamically, quickly rearranging in response to mechanical deformation. The pit created by nanoscale friction stimulation on the surface of 3,4-dinitropyrazole doubled in volume upon aging for half an hour. Over the same time frame, a similar pit on picric acid surface increased in volume by more than seven-fold. Remarkably, increased humidity was found to reduce the rate of surface rearrangement, potentially offering an origin for the desensitization of energetic materials when wetted. Finally, we identify an inverse correlation between the surface dynamics and mechanical sensitivity of our test energetic compounds. This strongly suggests that surface dynamics influence a material’s ability to dissipate excess energy, acting as a buffer towards mechanical initiation.…
Autor*innen: | E. Kosareva, R. Gainutdinov, Adam Michalchuk, I. Ananyev, N. Muravyev |
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Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des ĂĽbergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2022 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 6 Materialchemie |
6 Materialchemie / 6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere | |
Verlag: | Royal Society of Chemistry |
Jahrgang/Band: | 24 |
Ausgabe/Heft: | 15 |
Erste Seite: | 8890 |
Letzte Seite: | 8900 |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten |
Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau | |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Energetic materials; Mechanical Properties; Mechanical Sensitivity |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Infrastruktur |
Infrastruktur / Security | |
Material | |
Material / Materialdesign | |
DOI: | 10.1039/D2CP00832G |
VerfĂĽgbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfĂĽgbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 30.03.2022 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 11.04.2022 |