Flame Retardant Combinations with Expandable Graphite/ Phosphorus/CuO/Castor Oil in Flexible Polyurethane Foams
- A series of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were prepared with single and different combinations of flame retardants and additives. Expandable graphite (EG), phosphorous polyol (OP), copper (II) oxide (CuO), and/or castor oil (CAS) were added to FPUF during the foam preparation in a one-step process. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the synergistic effects of the flame retardants, additives, and the presence of bio-based content on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke behavior of FPUFs. The combination of 10 wt % EG and 5 wt % OP in FPUF significantly improves the char yield. In the cone calorimeter experiment, the char yield is nearly three times higher than that with 10 wt % EG alone. The smoke behavior is additionally evaluated in a smoke density chamber (SDC). Comparing the samples with a single flame retardant, 10 wt % EG in FPUF considerably reduces the amount of smoke released and the emission of toxic gases. Replacing the amount of 10 wt % polyetherA series of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were prepared with single and different combinations of flame retardants and additives. Expandable graphite (EG), phosphorous polyol (OP), copper (II) oxide (CuO), and/or castor oil (CAS) were added to FPUF during the foam preparation in a one-step process. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the synergistic effects of the flame retardants, additives, and the presence of bio-based content on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and smoke behavior of FPUFs. The combination of 10 wt % EG and 5 wt % OP in FPUF significantly improves the char yield. In the cone calorimeter experiment, the char yield is nearly three times higher than that with 10 wt % EG alone. The smoke behavior is additionally evaluated in a smoke density chamber (SDC). Comparing the samples with a single flame retardant, 10 wt % EG in FPUF considerably reduces the amount of smoke released and the emission of toxic gases. Replacing the amount of 10 wt % polyether polyol in FPUF with CAS maintains the physical and mechanical properties and fire behavior and enhances the bio-based content. The presence of 0.1 wt % CuO in FPUF effectively reduces the emission of hydrogen cyanide. As a result, this study proposes a multicomponent flame retardant strategy for FPUF to enhance the biomass content and address the weaknesses in flame retardancy, smoke, and toxic gas emissions. A starting point is disclosed for future product development.…
Autor*innen: | Yin Yam Chan, A. Korwitz, D. Pospiech, Bernhard SchartelORCiD |
---|---|
Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | ACS Applied Polymer Materials |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2023 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 7 Bauwerkssicherheit |
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen | |
Verlag: | ACS |
Jahrgang/Band: | 5 |
Ausgabe/Heft: | 3 |
Erste Seite: | 1891 |
Letzte Seite: | 1901 |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Bio-based; Expandable graphite; Flame retardancy; Flexible polyurethane foam; Smoke behavior; Synergistic effect |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Infrastruktur |
Infrastruktur / Fire Science | |
DOI: | 10.1021/acsapm.2c01969 |
ISSN: | 2637-6105 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 17.05.2023 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 17.05.2023 |