Flammability of Gases in Focus of European and US Standards
- The presentation will discuss the difference between EU and US standards for the determination of explosion (flammability) limits and limiting oxygen concentration. Small differences observed in measured values can be traced back to the different test apparatuses and criteria. The discrepancies can be much greater in the case of limiting oxygen concentration because of the high amount of inert gases and the corresponding low laminar burning velocities. The paper describes some examples and the influence of the chosen criteria on the results. The European and US standards use the criteria of flame propagation in open test vessels and of pressure rise in closed ones. The examples discussed show that flame propagation is still possible at very small pressure rise values, as observed much below the pressure rise criterion of usual standards. However, flame propagation in a process plant can cause an accident or explosion and must be avoided. Therefore, the flame propagation criterion isThe presentation will discuss the difference between EU and US standards for the determination of explosion (flammability) limits and limiting oxygen concentration. Small differences observed in measured values can be traced back to the different test apparatuses and criteria. The discrepancies can be much greater in the case of limiting oxygen concentration because of the high amount of inert gases and the corresponding low laminar burning velocities. The paper describes some examples and the influence of the chosen criteria on the results. The European and US standards use the criteria of flame propagation in open test vessels and of pressure rise in closed ones. The examples discussed show that flame propagation is still possible at very small pressure rise values, as observed much below the pressure rise criterion of usual standards. However, flame propagation in a process plant can cause an accident or explosion and must be avoided. Therefore, the flame propagation criterion is recommended to be used in chemical safety engineering. The European safety database CHEMSAFE contains expert-evaluated safety data for cases where the determination method and criteria are known. Flammability characteristics based on the pressure rise criterion may suffice in certain cases, e.g. for explosion protection in closed vessels without any connecting pipes.…
Autor*innen: | M. Molnarne, Volkmar Schröder |
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Dokumenttyp: | Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Graue Literatur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | Progress in Safety Science and Technology - Proceedings of the 2016 International Symposium on Safety Science and Technology |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2016 |
Jahrgang/Band: | Vol. XI |
Erste Seite: | 400 |
Letzte Seite: | 409 |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Explosion protection; Flammability; Limiting oxygen concentration; Standardization; Test methods |
Veranstaltung: | 2016 International Symposium on Safety Science and Technology |
Veranstaltungsort: | Kunming, China |
Beginndatum der Veranstaltung: | 17.10.2016 |
Enddatum der Veranstaltung: | 19.10.2016 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 27.10.2016 |
Referierte Publikation: | Nein |