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Sintered Brake Pads Failure in High-Energy Dissipation Braking Tests: A Post-Mortem Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis

  • The industrial sintering process used to produce metallic matrix pads has been altered to diminish the amount of copper used. Unfortunately, replacing a large part of the copper with iron seems to have reached a limit. In the high-energy, emergency-type rail braking used in this study, the materials are put to the very limit of their usage capacity, allowing us to observe the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered, metallic matrix pads. After the braking test, their compressive behaviour was assessed using digital image correlation (DIC), and their microstructure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The worn material has three flat layers with different microstructures and compressive behaviours. The bo􀁇om layer seems unmodified. Macroscopic and microscopic cracks run through the intermediate layer (2–15 mm depth). The top layer has stiffened thanks to resolidification of copper. The temperature reaches 1000 °C during the braking test, which alsoThe industrial sintering process used to produce metallic matrix pads has been altered to diminish the amount of copper used. Unfortunately, replacing a large part of the copper with iron seems to have reached a limit. In the high-energy, emergency-type rail braking used in this study, the materials are put to the very limit of their usage capacity, allowing us to observe the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered, metallic matrix pads. After the braking test, their compressive behaviour was assessed using digital image correlation (DIC), and their microstructure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The worn material has three flat layers with different microstructures and compressive behaviours. The bo􀁇om layer seems unmodified. Macroscopic and microscopic cracks run through the intermediate layer (2–15 mm depth). The top layer has stiffened thanks to resolidification of copper. The temperature reaches 1000 °C during the braking test, which also explains the carbon diffusion into iron that result in the weakening of iron–graphite interfaces in the pad. Finally, submicronic particles are detected at many open interfaces of the worn and compressed pad. Associated with the predominant role of graphite particles, this explains the weak compressive behaviour of the pads.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Alexandre Mege-Revil, Jessie Rapontchombo-Omanda, Itziar Serrano Munoz, Anne-Lise Cristol, Vincent Magnier, Philippe Dufrenoy
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Eigenverlag BAM
Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Materials
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2023
Organisationseinheit der BAM:8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung / 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Verlag:MDPI
Jahrgang/Band:16
Ausgabe/Heft:21
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:18
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Freie Schlagwörter:Compressive test; Cracks; Diffusion; Digital image correlation (DIC); Friction braking; Metallic matrix pad; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Sintering
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Material
DOI:10.3390/ma16217006
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587318
ISSN:1996-1944
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:02.11.2023
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:27.11.2023
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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