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Prospective dynamic and probabilistic material flow analysis of graphene-based materials in Europe from 2004 to 2030

  • As industrial demand for graphene-based materials (GBMs) grows, more attention falls on potential environmental risks. The present article describes a first assessment of the environmental releases of GBMs using dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis. The model considered all current or expected uses of GBMs from 2004 to 2030, during which time there have already been significant changes in how the graphene mass produced is distributed to different product categories. Although the volume of GBM production is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, outflow from the consumption of products containing GBMs shows only a slightly positive trend due to their long lifetimes and the large in-use stock of some applications (e.g., GBM composites used in wind turbine blades). From consumption and end-of-life phase GBM mass flows in 2030, estimates suggest that more than 50% will be incinerated and oxidized in waste plants, 16% will be landfilled, 12% will be exported out ofAs industrial demand for graphene-based materials (GBMs) grows, more attention falls on potential environmental risks. The present article describes a first assessment of the environmental releases of GBMs using dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis. The model considered all current or expected uses of GBMs from 2004 to 2030, during which time there have already been significant changes in how the graphene mass produced is distributed to different product categories. Although the volume of GBM production is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, outflow from the consumption of products containing GBMs shows only a slightly positive trend due to their long lifetimes and the large in-use stock of some applications (e.g., GBM composites used in wind turbine blades). From consumption and end-of-life phase GBM mass flows in 2030, estimates suggest that more than 50% will be incinerated and oxidized in waste plants, 16% will be landfilled, 12% will be exported out of Europe, and 1.4% of the annual production will flow to the environment. Predicted release concentrations for 2030 are 1.4 ng/L in surface water and 20 μg/kg in sludge-treated soil. This study’s results could be used for prospective environmental risk assessments and as input for environmental fate models.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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  • Article

  • Supporting information 1: Input data for production volume estimations and details of European production volume estimations

  • Supporting information 2: Details about the modeling method: system boundary and material flow analysis diagram, production volume estimation, product categories, year of market entry, transfer coefficients, simplified release diagram of drilling fluid, transfer coefficient of vehicle tire applications, and transfer coefficient related to reprocessing

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Autor*innen:H. Hong, Florian PartORCiD, B. Nowack
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Environmental science and technology
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2022
Organisationseinheit der BAM:3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher
3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher / 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien
Veröffentlichende Institution:Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
Verlag:American Chemical Society
Verlagsort:Columbus, Ohio
Jahrgang/Band:56
Erste Seite:13798
Letzte Seite:13809
DDC-Klassifikation:Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / Chemie / Analytische Chemie
Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
Freie Schlagwörter:Exposure modeling; Graphene; Graphene-based material (GBM); Material flow analysis
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Umwelt
Umwelt / Circular Economy
Umwelt / Sensorik
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c04002
URN:urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568843
ISSN:0013-936X
ISSN:1520-5851
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Datum der Freischaltung:25.01.2023
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:25.01.2023
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung:Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
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