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The influence of individual impairments in crowd dynamics
- The importance of empirical relations to quantify the movement of pedestrians through a facility has increased during the last decades since performance-based design methods became more common. Bottlenecks are of special interest because of their importance for egress routes and as they result in a reduced capacity. The empirical relations as the density-dependent movement speed or flow rate were derived by studies under laboratory conditions, which were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics forbetter control of influencing variables. If individual characteristics of a crowd become more heterogeneous, individuals were forced to adapt their individual movement and control individual manoeuvring. These unintended interactions lead to a different shape of the fundamental empirical relations. Here, we present results from a movement study under well-controlled boundary conditions in which participants with and without different characteristics of disabilitiesThe importance of empirical relations to quantify the movement of pedestrians through a facility has increased during the last decades since performance-based design methods became more common. Bottlenecks are of special interest because of their importance for egress routes and as they result in a reduced capacity. The empirical relations as the density-dependent movement speed or flow rate were derived by studies under laboratory conditions, which were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics forbetter control of influencing variables. If individual characteristics of a crowd become more heterogeneous, individuals were forced to adapt their individual movement and control individual manoeuvring. These unintended interactions lead to a different shape of the fundamental empirical relations. Here, we present results from a movement study under well-controlled boundary conditions in which participants with and without different characteristics of disabilities participated. To consider the effect of different heterogeneities on the capacity of a facility, fundamental diagrams are generated using the Voronoi method. If participants with visible disabilities (such as using assistive devices) are part of a crowd, significant differences relating to the shape of the empirical Relations and the capacities are found. This indicates that the heterogeneity of a Population leads to an increased interpersonal interaction which results in influenced movement characteristics.…
Autor*innen: | Paul Geoerg, Jette Schumann, Stefan Holl, Maik Holl, Anja Hofmann-BöllinghausORCiD |
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Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | Fire and Materials |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2020 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 7 Bauwerkssicherheit |
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen | |
Veröffentlichende Institution: | Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) |
Verlag: | Wiley Online Libary |
Verlagsort: | New Jersey, USA |
Jahrgang/Band: | 45 |
Ausgabe/Heft: | 4 |
Erste Seite: | 529 |
Letzte Seite: | 542 |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Engineering egress data; Heterogeneity; Human behaviour; Movement characteristics; Pedestrian dynamics |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Infrastruktur |
Infrastruktur / Fire Science | |
DOI: | 10.1002/fam.2789 |
URN: | urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-508943 |
ISSN: | 0308-0501 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access") |
Lizenz (Deutsch): | Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 18.06.2020 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 06.07.2020 |
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung: | Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM |