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Evolution of CFRP stress cracks observed by in situ X-ray refractive imaging

  • Modern air-liners and rotor blades of wind turbines are basically made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). Their failure heavily impairs the serviceability and the operational safety. Consequently, knowledge of the failure behavior under static and cyclic loads is of great interest to estimate the operational strength and to compare the performance of different materials. Ideally, the damage evolution under operational load is determined with in-situ non-destructive testing techniques. Here, we report on in-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of tensile stress induced cracks in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) due to inter fiber failure. An in-house designed compact-tensile testing machine with a load range up to 15 kN was integrated into the beam path. Since conventional radiographs do not reveal sufficient contrast to distinct cracks due to inter fiber failure and micro cracking from fiber bundles, the Diffraction Enhanced Imaging technique (DEI) is applied in order to separateModern air-liners and rotor blades of wind turbines are basically made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). Their failure heavily impairs the serviceability and the operational safety. Consequently, knowledge of the failure behavior under static and cyclic loads is of great interest to estimate the operational strength and to compare the performance of different materials. Ideally, the damage evolution under operational load is determined with in-situ non-destructive testing techniques. Here, we report on in-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging of tensile stress induced cracks in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) due to inter fiber failure. An in-house designed compact-tensile testing machine with a load range up to 15 kN was integrated into the beam path. Since conventional radiographs do not reveal sufficient contrast to distinct cracks due to inter fiber failure and micro cracking from fiber bundles, the Diffraction Enhanced Imaging technique (DEI) is applied in order to separate primary and scattered (refracted) radiation by means of an analyzer crystal. In the laboratory, scanning X-ray refraction topography of CFRP has been applied long before but it comes along with several disadvantages: the long total measuring time hampers real time (in-situ) measurements and the required small beam size hinders end-to-end imaging. The introduced technique overcomes both drawbacks. Imaging and tensile test rig are run unsynchronized at the greatest possible frame rate (0.7 s-1 at 28.8 µm pixel size) and smallest possible strain rate (5.5∙10-4 s-1). For 0°/90° non-crimped fabrics (ncf) the first inter fiber cracks occurred at 380 MPa (strain 0.7 %). Prior to failure at about 760 MPa (strain 2.0 %) we observe the evolution of a nearly equidistant 1 mm grid of cracks running across the entire sample in the fully damaged state before total failure.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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  • 20200909_Kupsch_41st_Risoe_SXRR_evolution_CFRP_cracks.pdf
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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Andreas KupschORCiD
Koautor*innen:Volker Trappe, Bernd R. Müller, Giovanni Bruno
Dokumenttyp:Vortrag
Veröffentlichungsform:Präsentation
Sprache:Englisch
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2020
Organisationseinheit der BAM:5 Werkstofftechnik
5 Werkstofftechnik / 5.3 Polymere Verbundwerkstoffe
8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung / 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Freie Schlagwörter:Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics; Crack evolution; Diffraction Enhanced Imaging; In situ tensile test; X-ray refraction
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Material
Material / Degradation von Werkstoffen
Veranstaltung:41st Risø International Symposium on Materials Science - Materials and Design for Next Generation Wind Turbine Blades
Veranstaltungsort:Online meeting
Beginndatum der Veranstaltung:07.09.2020
Enddatum der Veranstaltung:10.09.2020
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Datum der Freischaltung:14.09.2020
Referierte Publikation:Nein
Eingeladener Vortrag:Nein
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