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Distinguishing between seemingly identical inks using scanning μXRF and heat maps
- This study will present a new approach to distinguishing writing inks that have the same elemental compositions and visual appearances. The approach is based on displaying the intensity of elemental distributions as heat maps that represent data recorded with a scanning μX-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The heat maps present the data so as to facilitate digitally identifying and distinguishing between inks used to produce, correct, and reink two medieval Torah scrolls. As ritual objects, Torah scrolls had to be written in accordance with exacting standards that evolved over time. This requirement led to successive stages of modifications, sometimes over centuries. Both vitriolic and non-vitriolic inks used to modify Torah scrolls can be visually identical to each other. Furthermore, different non-vitriolic inks usually have an identical elemental composition. The solid material analysis evidence and its presentation as heat maps made it possible to discriminate between original andThis study will present a new approach to distinguishing writing inks that have the same elemental compositions and visual appearances. The approach is based on displaying the intensity of elemental distributions as heat maps that represent data recorded with a scanning μX-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The heat maps present the data so as to facilitate digitally identifying and distinguishing between inks used to produce, correct, and reink two medieval Torah scrolls. As ritual objects, Torah scrolls had to be written in accordance with exacting standards that evolved over time. This requirement led to successive stages of modifications, sometimes over centuries. Both vitriolic and non-vitriolic inks used to modify Torah scrolls can be visually identical to each other. Furthermore, different non-vitriolic inks usually have an identical elemental composition. The solid material analysis evidence and its presentation as heat maps made it possible to discriminate between original and altered portions of text that in some cases would have been impossible. Our interdisciplinary work brought together conservation, material science, paleog-raphy, and philology to enable the identification of complex stratigraphy in multiple stages of production, correction, and reinking. ©2 0 2 2 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.…
Autor*innen: | Grzegorz Nehring, Nehemia Gordon, Ira Rabin |
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Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | Journal of Cultural Heritage |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2022 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 4 Material und Umwelt |
4 Material und Umwelt / 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse | |
Veröffentlichende Institution: | Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) |
Verlag: | Elsevier Masson SAS |
Jahrgang/Band: | 57 |
Erste Seite: | 142 |
Letzte Seite: | 148 |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Heat maps; Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks; Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence; Scribal corrections; Spectroscopy; Torah scrolls; Vitriolic iron-gall inks |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Chemie und Prozesstechnik |
Material | |
Material / Nano | |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.culher.2022.07.007 |
URN: | urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557271 |
ISSN: | 1296-2074 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access") |
Lizenz (Deutsch): | Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 19.09.2022 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 28.11.2022 |
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung: | Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM |