Calibration and field application of passive sampling for episodic exposure to polar organic pesticides in streams
- Rainfall-triggered runoff is a major driver of pesticide input in streams. Only few studies have examined the suitability of passive sampling to quantify such episodic exposures. In this study, we used Empore-TM styrene-divinylbenzene reverse phase sulfonated disks (SDB disks) and event-driven water samples (EDS) to assess exposure to 15 fungicides and 4 insecticides in 17 streams in a German vineyard area during 4 rainfall events. We also conducted a microcosm experiment to determine the SDB-disk sampling rates and provide a free-software solution to derive sampling rates under time-variable exposure. Sampling rates ranged from 0.26 to 0.77 L d-1 and time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations from 0.05 to 2.11 µg/L. The 2 sampling systems were in good agreement and EDS exceeded TWA concentrations on average by a factor of 3. Our study demonstrates that passive sampling is suitable to quantify episodic exposures from polar organic pesticides.
Autor*innen: | D. Fernández, E.L.M. Vermeirssen, Nicole Bandow, K. Munoz, R.B. Schäfer |
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Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | Environmental pollution |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2014 |
Verlag: | Elsevier Ltd. |
Verlagsort: | New York, NY [u.a.] |
Jahrgang/Band: | 194 |
Erste Seite: | 196 |
Letzte Seite: | 202 |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Freshwater; Passive sampling; Pesticide; Water monitoring |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.001 |
ISSN: | 0269-7491 |
ISSN: | 0013-9327 |
ISSN: | 1873-6424 |
Zugehöriger Identifikator: | https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/51227 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 20.02.2016 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 01.09.2014 |