Advanced materials engineering in historical gypsum plaster formulations
- We show how historical gypsum plaster preparation methods affect the microstructure and the wettability properties of the final stucco materials. We reproduced a traditional Persian recipe (Gach-e Koshteh, ~14th century AD), which involves a continuous mechanical treatment during plaster hydration. These samples were compared with a laboratory-replicated historical recipe from Renaissance Italy (Gesso Sottile, ~15th century AD) and contemporary low-strength plaster. The Koshteh recipe induces the formation of gypsum platelets, which exhibit preferential orientation in the plaster bulk. In contrast, the Italian and low-strength plasters comprise a typical needle-like morphology of gypsum crystals. The platelets in Koshteh expose the more hydrophilic {010} face of gypsum in a much more pronounced manner than needles. Consequently, the Iranian plaster displays enhanced wettability, enabling its direct use for water-based decoration purposes, or as a fine finishing thin layer, without theWe show how historical gypsum plaster preparation methods affect the microstructure and the wettability properties of the final stucco materials. We reproduced a traditional Persian recipe (Gach-e Koshteh, ~14th century AD), which involves a continuous mechanical treatment during plaster hydration. These samples were compared with a laboratory-replicated historical recipe from Renaissance Italy (Gesso Sottile, ~15th century AD) and contemporary low-strength plaster. The Koshteh recipe induces the formation of gypsum platelets, which exhibit preferential orientation in the plaster bulk. In contrast, the Italian and low-strength plasters comprise a typical needle-like morphology of gypsum crystals. The platelets in Koshteh expose the more hydrophilic {010} face of gypsum in a much more pronounced manner than needles. Consequently, the Iranian plaster displays enhanced wettability, enabling its direct use for water-based decoration purposes, or as a fine finishing thin layer, without the need of mixing it with a binder material. Contrary, in Sottile, gypsum crystals are left to equilibrate in large excess of water, which promotes the growth of long needles at the expense of smaller crystals. Typically, such needles are several times longer than those found in a control regular plaster. For this crystal habit, the total surface of hydrophilic faces is minimized. Consequently, such plaster layers tend to repel water, which can then be used, e.g., as a substrate for oilbased panel paintings. These findings highlight the development of advanced functional materials, by tuning their microtexture, already during the premodern era.…
Autor*innen: | M. Mishmastnehi, A. Van Driessche, Glen Jacob SmalesORCiD, A. Moya, Tomasz StawskiORCiD |
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Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2023 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 6 Materialchemie |
6 Materialchemie / 6.3 Strukturanalytik | |
6 Materialchemie / 6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien | |
Verlag: | National Academy of Sciences of the USA |
Jahrgang/Band: | 120 |
Ausgabe/Heft: | 7 |
Aufsatznummer: | e2208836120 |
Erste Seite: | 1 |
Letzte Seite: | 9 |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Calcium sulfate; Diffraction; Force microscopy; Gypsum |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Material |
Material / Materialdesign | |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.2208836120 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 27.03.2023 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 27.03.2023 |