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Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Characterization in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
- Laser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (and consequently residual stress (RS) at the end of production) is generated within the parts. This IS or RS can either lead to distortion or cracking during fabrication or in-service part failure, respectively. With this in view, the knowledge on the magnitude and spatial distribution of RS is important to develop strategies for its mitigation. Specifically, diffraction-based methods allow the spatial resolved determination of RS in a non-destructive fashion. In this review, common diffraction-based methods to determine RS in laser-based additive manufactured parts are presented. In fact, the unique microstructures and textures associated to laser-based additive manufacturing processes poseLaser-based additive manufacturing methods allow the production of complex metal structures within a single manufacturing step. However, the localized heat input and the layer-wise manufacturing manner give rise to large thermal gradients. Therefore, large internal stress (IS) during the process (and consequently residual stress (RS) at the end of production) is generated within the parts. This IS or RS can either lead to distortion or cracking during fabrication or in-service part failure, respectively. With this in view, the knowledge on the magnitude and spatial distribution of RS is important to develop strategies for its mitigation. Specifically, diffraction-based methods allow the spatial resolved determination of RS in a non-destructive fashion. In this review, common diffraction-based methods to determine RS in laser-based additive manufactured parts are presented. In fact, the unique microstructures and textures associated to laser-based additive manufacturing processes pose metrological challenges. Based on the literature review, it is recommended to (a) use mechanically relaxed samples measured in several orientations as appropriate strain-free lattice spacing, instead of powder, (b) consider that an appropriate grain-interaction model to calculate diffraction-elastic constants is both material- and texture-dependent and may differ from the conventionally manufactured variant. Further metrological challenges are critically reviewed and future demands in this research field are discussed.…
Autor*innen: | Jakob Schröder, Alexander Evans, Tatiana MishurovaORCiD, Alexander Ulbricht, Maximilian Sprengel, Itziar Serrano MunozORCiD, Tobias FritschORCiD, Arne KrommORCiD, Thomas KannengießerORCiD, Giovanni BrunoORCiD |
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Dokumenttyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Verlagsliteratur |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch): | Metals |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2021 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung |
8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung / 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung | |
9 Komponentensicherheit | |
9 Komponentensicherheit / 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen | |
Veröffentlichende Institution: | Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) |
Verlag: | MPDI |
Verlagsort: | Basel |
Jahrgang/Band: | 11 |
Ausgabe/Heft: | 11 |
Erste Seite: | 1830 |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Diffraction-elastic constants; Laser-based additive manufacturing; Residual stress analysis; Strain-free lattice spacing; X-ray and neutron diffraction |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Material |
Material / Additive Fertigung | |
DOI: | 10.3390/met11111830 |
URN: | urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-538054 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access") |
Lizenz (Deutsch): | Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 24.11.2021 |
Referierte Publikation: | Ja |
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation: | 16.12.2021 |
Schriftenreihen ohne Nummerierung: | Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM |