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CFD modeling approach of smoke toxicity and opacity for flaming and non-flaming combustion processes

  • Current engineer’s methods of fire safety design include various approaches to calculate the fire Propagation and smoke spread in buildings by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Because of the increased computational capacity, CFD is commonly used for prediction of time-dependent safety parameters such as critical temperature, smoke layer height, rescue times, distributions of chemical products, and smoke toxicity and visibility. The analysis of smoke components with CFD is particularly complex, because the composition of the fire gases and also the smoke quantities depends on material properties and also on ambient and burning conditions. Oxygen concentrations and the temperature distribution in the compartment affect smoke production and smoke gas toxicity qualitatively and quantitatively. For safety designs, it can be necessary to take these influences into account. Current smoke models in CFD often use a constant smoke yield that does not vary with different fireCurrent engineer’s methods of fire safety design include various approaches to calculate the fire Propagation and smoke spread in buildings by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Because of the increased computational capacity, CFD is commonly used for prediction of time-dependent safety parameters such as critical temperature, smoke layer height, rescue times, distributions of chemical products, and smoke toxicity and visibility. The analysis of smoke components with CFD is particularly complex, because the composition of the fire gases and also the smoke quantities depends on material properties and also on ambient and burning conditions. Oxygen concentrations and the temperature distribution in the compartment affect smoke production and smoke gas toxicity qualitatively and quantitatively. For safety designs, it can be necessary to take these influences into account. Current smoke models in CFD often use a constant smoke yield that does not vary with different fire conditions. If smoke gas toxicity is considered, a simple approach with the focus on carbon monoxide is often used. On the basis of a large set of experimental data, a numerical smoke model has been developed. The developed numerical smoke model includes optical properties, production, and toxic potential of smoke under different conditions. For the setup of the numerical model, experimental data were used for calculation of chemical components and evaluation of smoke toxicity under different combustion conditions. Therefore, averaged reaction equations were developed from experimental measurements and implemented in ANSYS CFX 14.0.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Autor*innen:Andrea Löhnert, Nils Monreal, Christian Knaust, Anja Hofmann-BöllinghausORCiD, U. Krause
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Fire and Materials
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2016
Verlag:Wiley
Verlagsort:West Sussex, UK
Jahrgang/Band:40
Ausgabe/Heft:6
Erste Seite:759
Letzte Seite:772
DDC-Klassifikation:Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau
Freie Schlagwörter:Computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Fire modeling; Fire safety; Smoke toxicity
DOI:10.1002/fam.2340
ISSN:1099-1018
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Datum der Freischaltung:27.09.2016
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:24.11.2016
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