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Nondestructive testing, 3. Ultrasonics

  • The field of acoustics deals with sound Propagation in solids, liquids, and gases, whereby the frequencies may lie above or below the Audio band, that is, infrasound (<16 Hz) and ultrasound (>16 kHz), respectively. The speed of sound depends on mechanical properties of the material like elastic constants and compressibility. Interaction of imperfections such as grains, cracks, pores, and inclusions with sound waves results in reflection, refraction, scattering, and attenuation due to discontinuities in elastic moduli and density. By sending a pulse and receiving its reflection, the presence and Location of defects can be determined (pulse-echo technique). Ultrasound was applied in nondestructive testing (NDT) earlier than in medicine, but visualization of the data in a unicolor-scale image was first used in medical ultrasound diagnostics. The principle of ultrasonic testing, for example, the wave types that are suitable for different applications, the frequency rängeThe field of acoustics deals with sound Propagation in solids, liquids, and gases, whereby the frequencies may lie above or below the Audio band, that is, infrasound (<16 Hz) and ultrasound (>16 kHz), respectively. The speed of sound depends on mechanical properties of the material like elastic constants and compressibility. Interaction of imperfections such as grains, cracks, pores, and inclusions with sound waves results in reflection, refraction, scattering, and attenuation due to discontinuities in elastic moduli and density. By sending a pulse and receiving its reflection, the presence and Location of defects can be determined (pulse-echo technique). Ultrasound was applied in nondestructive testing (NDT) earlier than in medicine, but visualization of the data in a unicolor-scale image was first used in medical ultrasound diagnostics. The principle of ultrasonic testing, for example, the wave types that are suitable for different applications, the frequency ränge employed, reflectivity behavior, mode conversions, probe types, and so on are described in various publications, and a newer ultrasonic method, namely, the phased array technique, is treated in.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:K. Ono, Anton Erhard
Dokumenttyp:Beitrag zu einem Sammelband
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2011
Verlag:Wiley-VCH
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:17
Freie Schlagwörter:Phased array technique; Piezocomposite materials for ultrasound generation; Ultrasonic waves
DOI:10.1002/14356007.o17_o02
ISBN:978-3-52730-673-2
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Datum der Freischaltung:19.02.2016
Referierte Publikation:Nein
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