Application of underwater tests to determine he-equivalents of pyrotechnic substances
- A technical-safety evaluation of the detonation effects of pyrotechnic compositions can be performed on the basis of TNT/PETN equivalence. The equivalence determination can be carried out by characterization of the blast wave generated because of detonation in free field tests, which however can be highly resource intensive and prone to uncertainties. Here, we present underwater ‘small-scale’ experiments for the determination of such equivalents.
Underwater experiments, as described in the European standard EN 13763-15:2004, are performed to test the capability of detonators to initiate secondary explosives by determining the released energy. At BAM this test was modified to compare the energy output of the pyrotechnic mixtures (those used in air bag gas generators and firework flash compositions) and thus to determine their equivalents of high explosives like TNT or PETN. In the modified tests, small cylindrical copper containers were filled with pyrotechnic substances, which wereA technical-safety evaluation of the detonation effects of pyrotechnic compositions can be performed on the basis of TNT/PETN equivalence. The equivalence determination can be carried out by characterization of the blast wave generated because of detonation in free field tests, which however can be highly resource intensive and prone to uncertainties. Here, we present underwater ‘small-scale’ experiments for the determination of such equivalents.
Underwater experiments, as described in the European standard EN 13763-15:2004, are performed to test the capability of detonators to initiate secondary explosives by determining the released energy. At BAM this test was modified to compare the energy output of the pyrotechnic mixtures (those used in air bag gas generators and firework flash compositions) and thus to determine their equivalents of high explosives like TNT or PETN. In the modified tests, small cylindrical copper containers were filled with pyrotechnic substances, which were then attached to standard detonators. This explosive charge assembly was then lowered into a water tank of about 1000 l capacity. At the same depth as the charge assembly, a piezoelectric pressure sensor was immersed in the water at a horizontal distance of about 400 mm from the charge. By recording the time-dependent pressure during the test, the shock energy as well as the energy associated with the expanding gas bubble were determined.…
Autor*innen: | Amit Agasty |
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Weitere Person: | René Costard, Silke Schwarz |
Dokumenttyp: | Vortrag |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Präsentation |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2023 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit |
2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit / 2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik | |
2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit / 2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik | |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten |
Freie Schlagwörter: | TNT/PETN - Equivalent; Underwater Tests |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Material |
Veranstaltung: | 26th International Symposium on Military Aspects of Blast and Shock (MABS26) |
Veranstaltungsort: | Wollongong, Australia |
Beginndatum der Veranstaltung: | 03.12.2023 |
Enddatum der Veranstaltung: | 08.12.2023 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 28.11.2023 |
Referierte Publikation: | Nein |
Eingeladener Vortrag: | Nein |