TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus Recovery from Waste Streams T2 - Vorlesung im Rahmen der integrierten Veranstaltung "Advanced Recycling Technologies" CY - Technische Universität Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2015-02-04 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32602 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Ressourcenflussmodell München am Beispiel Phosphor T2 - RGU-Workshop Phosphor CY - München, Deutschland DA - 2015-11-03 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34998 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Kunststoff-Dränelemente - Belastungsgrenzen und Qualitätssicherung beim Einbau in Deponieoberflächenabdichtung T2 - 11. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung - Planung, Bau, Betrieb, Stilllegung, Nachsorge und Nachnutzung von Deponien CY - Leipzig, Deutschland DA - 2015-03-03 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33126 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Sewage Sludge Ash - Closing the Phosphorus Cycle T2 - Know-How-Transfer Bodenlabor, Strategiegespräche, Gastvortrag CY - Gdansk, Poland DA - 2015-03-09 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32723 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin T1 - Ectoine induced water structuring as a possible explanation for its radiation protection properties T2 - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG) 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-03-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32906 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - ext. Ehbrecht, A. T1 - Technische Prozesse zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Klärschlammaschen T2 - 8. CMM Tagung Material - Prozesse - Systeme CY - Karlsruhe, Deutschland DA - 2015-10-07 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34475 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, A. T1 - Secondary building materials from construction and demolition waste: environmental benefits and costs T2 - Rilem Conference "Progress of recycling in the built environment" CY - Sao Paulo, Brazil DA - 2015-08-03 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34934 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Thermal Treatment of Chromium (III) Oxide with Carbonates Analyzed by Far-Infrared/THz Spectroscopy T2 - THz to Soft X-ray Workshop CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-12-07 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35232 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Sewage Sludge Ash as Secondary Phosphorus Source T2 - Strategiegespräche mit DTU, Projektaquise CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 2015-03-06 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32722 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröter, Maria-Astrid T1 - Analysis of vibrating microstructures using Dynamic Scanning Electron Microscopy (DySEM) T2 - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG) 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-03-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32862 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Analysis of microplastic in environmental samples using thermal analytical methods T2 - ICCE 2015 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2015-09-21 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34528 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Stephan, Ina ED - Lang, A. ED - Zimmer, J. T1 - Einführung in die biologische Wirksamkeitsprüfung von Bioziden im Materialschutz KW - Biozide KW - Materialschutz KW - Wirksamkeitsprüfung KW - Biocide KW - Material preservation KW - Efficiency test PY - 2015 SN - 9783861021940 SP - 48 EP - 50 PB - Deutsches Historisches Museum CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-35411 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stemann, Jan A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium salt additives for phosphorus fertilizer production - Analysis of underlying chemical reactions N2 - Stocks of high grade phosphate rock are becoming scarce, and there is growing concern about potentially harmful impurities in conventional phosphorus fertilizers. Sewage sludge ash is a promising secondary phosphorus source. However, to remove heavy metals and convert the phosphorus contained in sewage sludge ash into mineral phases available to plants, an after-treatment is required. Laboratory-scale calcination experiments of sewage sludge ash blended with sodium salts using dried sewage sludge as a reducing agent were carried out at 1000 °C. Thus, the Ca3(PO4)2 or whitlockite component of raw sewage sludge ash, which is not readily plant available, was converted to CaNaPO4 (buchwaldite). Consequently, nearly complete phosphorus solubility in ammonium citrate (a well-established indicator for plant availability) was achieved. Moreover, it was shown that Na2CO3 may be replaced by moderately priced Na2SO4. However, molar ratios of Na/P > 2 were required to achieve >80% phosphorus solubility. Such over-stoichiometric Na consumption is largely caused by side reactions with the SiO2 component of the sewage sludge ash – an explanation for which clear evidence is provided for the first time. KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Plant availability KW - Solubility in ammonium citrate KW - Whitlockite-to-buchwaldite transformation PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.029 SN - 0956-053X VL - 45 SP - 385 EP - 390 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-33876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - Tasks of Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in Brasilian-German project ASHES T2 - Fraunhofer Workshop: Project Ashes - Recycling of nutrients form residues of thermo-chemical processing of bagasse/straw CY - Sao Paulo, Brazil DA - 2015-09-29 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34932 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphate Recycling - Options and Efficacy T2 - LIFE + Conference - Resource Recovery and Water Protection CY - Skelleftea, Schweden DA - 2015-06-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33664 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Kühn, A. A1 - Wedell, R. A1 - Mory, D. T1 - Integrierte Systeme (RFA und LIBS) zur Düngemittelgewinnung und zum Management der Bodenfruchtbarkeit N2 - Aufgrund der natürlichen und vom Menschen verursachten Heterogenität von Böden erfordert der Erhalt und die Verbesserung ihrer Fruchtbarkeit durch landwirtschaftliche Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen sorgfältig geplante Ent-scheidungen, die auf einer detaillierten Erfassung der Bodeneigenschaften und einem vertieften Verständnis der Bodenprozesse beruhen. Es ist bekannt, dass die konventionelle, flächen-einheitliche Bewirtschaftung Ertragsver-luste durch zu geringe Bewirtschaftungsintensität (z. B. Düngung) auf einen Teil der Fläche verursacht, während andere Teile des Feldes zu hohe Dosen erhalten und es dadurch zu Verschwendung von Ressourcen und zu Um-weltbelastungen kommt. Trotz der Verfügbarkeit von Technologien für ortsspezifische Düngung ist die Akzeptanz ortsspezifischer Bewirtschaftung (Precision Agriculture) in der Praxis noch gering. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür ist das Fehlen von kostengünstigen Methoden zur Erfassung der bewirtschaftungsrelevanten Bodenmerkmale. So-wohl für die elementanalytische Untersuchung von Böden als auch für die Untersuchung von Ausgangsmaterialien (z.B. Klärschlammaschen) für ihre Verwendung als Dünger ist eine zuverlässige Analytik und Prozessüberwachung erforderlich. T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 30.11.2015 KW - LIBS KW - Online-RFA KW - Düngemittelgewinnung KW - Bodenfruchtbarkeit KW - BONARES PY - 2015 SP - 23 EP - 24 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38843 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - Phosphorus Fertilizer from Sewage Sludge Ashes by thermochemical treatment - Benefits and Challenges T2 - RAMIRAN 2015 - 16th International Conference Rural-Urban Symbiosis CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2015-09-08 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34359 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorus recovery from the wastewater stream - necessity and possibilities T2 - 3rd International Conference on Water, Energy and Environment (ICWEE) CY - Sharjah, United Arab Emirates DA - 2015-03-24 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33662 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Herzel, Hannes ED - Lederer, J. ED - Laner, D. ED - Rechberger, H. ED - Fellner, J. T1 - Phosphorus flows in German sewage sludge ashes and potential recovery technologies N2 - Phosphorus (P) is essential for all forms of life and cannot be substituted. It is one of the macro nutrients applied in form of mineral or organic fertilizers in agricultural crop production. Mineral P fertilizers are generally based on phosphate rock, a limited resource. Western Europe completely depends on imports as it has no own relevant phosphate mines. The most abundant phosphate deposits are located only in a few countries such as Morocco, China, South Africa and the United States of America. Furthermore, phosphate rock and as a consequence mineral P fertilizers are often contaminated with the toxic elements cadmium and uranium. In Order to substitute phosphate rock P-bearing waste streams are investigated for their potential to be recyded as fertilizers. Wastewater is one of the important P-bearing waste streams that were in the focus of research in the last 10 years. German wastewater is e.g. a carrier of approx. 70,000 t of phosphorus per year. T2 - International workshop on technospheric mining - Mining the technosphere - drivers and barriers, challenges and opportunities CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 01.10.2015 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-85234-132-3 SP - 77 EP - 80 AN - OPUS4-34542 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Prozessanalytik mittels RFA und LIBS bei der Düngemittelgewinnung aus Klärschlammaschen T2 - Anakon 2015 CY - Gräz, Östereich DA - 2015-03-23 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33138 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus fertilizer from sewage sludge ashes by thermochemical treatment - Benefits and challenges N2 - Mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers are solely produced from phosphate rock. Europe completely depends on imports since there are no relevant phosphate rock deposits on the continent. Furthermore, phosphate rock is contaminated with heavy metals such as Cd and U that pollute the farmlands and pose environmental risks. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) might be a promising source for recycling fertilizer since it contains large amounts of P (up to 13 %). However, fertilizer from SSA has to comply with the respective ordinances, particularly the heavy metal limit values stated in the fertilizer ordinance, and requires sufficient P bioavailability. Thus, we conducted a complete survey of SSA from German mono-incineration facilities and developed a thermochemical treatment for SSA to reduce toxic elements and increase P bioavailability. T2 - RAMIRAN 2015 - 16th International conference Rural-Urban Symbiosis CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 08.09.2015 PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-941492-95-0 SP - TA EP - O_20, 33 AN - OPUS4-34311 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Quo vadis Geokunststoffe? CE-Kennzeichnung und BAM-Zulassung T2 - 31. Fachtagung - Die sichere Deponie - Sicherung von Deponien und Altlasten mit Kunststoffen CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 2015-02-03 KW - Europäische Normen KW - CE-Kennzeichnung KW - BAM-Zulassung KW - Deponieverordnung KW - Bauproduktenverordnung PY - 2015 SP - 43 EP - 55 AN - OPUS4-32567 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Biedermann, K. A1 - Bräcker, W. A1 - Engelmann, B. A1 - Zanzinger, H. T1 - Sind BAM-Zulassung und CE-Kennzeichnung im Wesentlichen gleichwertig? - Der Nachweis des Standes der Technik gemäß Deponieverordnung für Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte, Teil 2 N2 - Im ersten Teil dieses Aufsatzes wurde gezeigt, dass nur ein Teil der für den Deponiebau wesentlichen technischen Eigenschaften in den europäisch harmonisierten Bauproduktnormen DIN EN 13252 und DIN EN 13257, die der CE-Kennzeichnung der Geotextilien (GTX) und geotextilverwandten Produkte (GTP) zugrunde liegen, erfasst werden. Um eine im Wesentlichen vorhandene Gleichwertigkeit der Produkteigenschaften überhaupt abwägen zu können, müssen aber sämtliche relevanten Eigenschaften bekannt sein. Dies erfordert für CE-gekennzeichnete Produkte zusätzliche Prüfungen auf der Grundlage der DepV-Liste der Kriterien und Einwirkmechanismen (Anhang 1, Nummer 2.1.1, DepV). In diesem Teil werden die Tabellen C1 und C2 sowie die Tabelle D aus dem ersten Teil, in denen die Eigenschaften der harmonisierten europäischen Normen (hEN) den Anforderungen der DepV gegenübergestellt wurden, in technischer Hinsicht näher erläutert. N2 - A comparison of the harmonized technical specifications (in our case the harmonized European standards (hEN), namely DIN EN 13252 and DIN EN 13257), on which the CE-marking of geotextiles and geotextile-related products is based, with the German landfill ordinance (DepV) shows that only a few of the essential technical characteristics actually relevant for landfill constructions are considered in these standards. To be able to ponder about the equivalency of products with respect to their properties, all relevant properties have to be known. Therefore, additional tests based on the DepV-list of criteria and mechanisms of action (Annex 1, no. 2.1.1) are necessary for CE-marked products. This was discussed in the first part of this article. In this part, the tables C1, C2 and D of the first part, which listed and compared the requirements of the hEN and the DepV, are discussed in more technical details. KW - Deponieverordnung KW - BAM-Zulassung KW - Geokunststoffe KW - CE-Kennzeichnung PY - 2015 SN - 0027-2957 SN - 1863-9763 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 41 PB - Erich Schmidt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-32694 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Michaelis, Matthias A1 - Krahl, T. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered beta-cristobalite AlPO4: the now deciphered main constituent of a municipal sewage sludge ash from a full-scale incineration facility N2 - For the first time evidence is provided that a nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered, chemically stabilized β-cristobalite form of AlPO4 occurs in a sewage sludge ash (SSA). This proof is based on a combined X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence investigation of an SSA produced at a large-scale fluidized bed incineration facility serving a catching area with a population of 2 million. The structural and chemical characterization was carried out on 'as received' SSA samples as well as on solid residues remaining after leaching this SSA in sodium hydroxide solution. Thus, it was ascertained that the observed nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered cristobalite-like component belongs to the aluminum phosphate component of this SSA, rather than to its silicon dioxide component. In addition, a direct proof is presented that the chemically stabilized β-cristobalite form of AlPO4 does crystallize from X-ray amorphous precursors under conditions that mimic the huge heating rate and short retention time (just seconds at T ≈ 850°C), typical for fluidized bed incinerators. KW - Aluminum phosphate KW - Chemical stabilization of high-temperature forms KW - Cristobalite form KW - Stacking disorder KW - Incinerator ash KW - Sewage sludge ash PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715614001213 SN - 0885-7156 VL - 30 IS - Supplement S 1 SP - S31 EP - S35 PB - JCPDS CY - Swarthmore, Pa. AN - OPUS4-33435 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Wirksamkeitsstudien bezogen auf die Auslobung von biozidhaltigen Kunststoffen T2 - IK 2015 - Biozide - Materialien, Anwendungen und Trends CY - Südliches Anhalt OT Weißandt-Gölzau, Deutschland DA - 2015-10-01 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35099 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Re-use of secondary phosphates as fertilizers - harmonization of analytical methods N2 - The number of different secondary raw materials used for fertilizer production is expected to increase in the future due to newly developed recycling procedures. Thus, more and more different matrices have to be analyzed. Furthermore, the respective legislation and analytical methodology is nonuniform throughout Europe. Therefore, a harmonization of the the regulations and Standards is desirable. We conduct a research project to test the existing analytical methods on their applicability to a broad variety of matrices to support the harmonization process. The project is scheduled tili late spring 2017. Initial results will be presented. T2 - 15th International waste management and landfill symposium - Sardinia 2015 CY - Cagliari, Italy DA - 06.10.2015 PY - 2015 SN - 9788862650212 PB - CISA Publisher CY - Cagliari AN - OPUS4-34577 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steckenmesser, D. T1 - Phosphorus recycling of sewage sludge through the combination of low-temperature-conversion and thermochemical post-treatment T2 - 2nd European Sustainable Phosphorus Conference CY - Berlin, Gemany DA - 2015-03-05 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32816 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus flows in German sewage sludge ashes and potential recovery technologies T2 - Mining the Technosphere CY - Wien, Austria DA - 2015-10-01 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Javdanitehran, M. A1 - Erdmann, Maren A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Ziegmann, G. T1 - Analyzing the network formation and curing kinetics of epoxy resins by in situ near-infrared measurements with variable heating rates N2 - Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) turned out to be well suited for analyzing the degree of cure for epoxy systems. In contrast to dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), where the released heat of reaction determines the degree of epoxy conversion indirectly, NIR spectroscopy is able to determine the conversion directly by analyzing structural changes. Therefore, a new heatable NIR cell was equipped with an integrated thermocouple, which enables the real sample temperature to be controlled and monitored in situ during epoxy curing. Dynamic scans at different heating rates were used for kinetic modelling, to define kinetic parameters and to predict real curing processes. The kinetic models and their parameters were validated with an isothermal and a more complex multi-step curing scenario. Two available commercial epoxy systems based on DGEBA were used with an anhydride and with an amine hardener. NIR results were compared with DSC data. The simulated conversion predicted with a model fitted on the basis of NIR and DSC dynamic scans showed good agreement with the conversion measured in the isothermal curing validation test. Due to the proven reliability of NIR in measuring the reaction progress of curing, it can be considered a versatile measurement system for in situ monitoring of component production in the automotive, aerospace and wind energy sectors. KW - Epoxy resins KW - Curing kinetics KW - Near-infrared spectroscopy KW - DSC PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.08.008 SN - 0040-6031 SN - 1872-762X VL - 616 SP - 49 EP - 60 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-34187 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Krüger, Oliver ED - Schuhmann, R. T1 - Technische Prozesse zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Klärschlammaschen N2 - Klärschlammaschen weisen hohe Gehalte an Phosphor auf, dieser ist allerdings schlecht für Pflanzen verfügbar. Des Weiteren enthalten sie Schwermetalle die vor dem Einsatz als Düngemittel entfernt werden müssen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den letzten Jahren nasschemische und thermochemische Verfahren entwickelt und zum Teil bereits in Demonstrationsanlagen getestet. Ein thermochemischer Verfahrensansatz wird in diesem Beitrag näher vorgestellt. Klärschlammaschen werden mit Klärschlamm als Reduktionsmittel und Natriumsulfat als Aufschlussmittel im Drehrohrofen thermisch behandelt. Bei diesem Prozess wird pflanzenverfügbares NaCaPÜ4 gebildet, unerwünschte Elemente wie As, Cd, Hg und Pb werden zum Teil über die Gasphase separiert. Die Ergebnisse eines Demonstrationsversuchs werden vorgestellt. N2 - Sewage sludge ashes exhibit high phosphorus mass fractions. However, the availability of phosphorus to plants is poor. Furthermore, sewage sludge ashes contain eco-toxicologically relevant heavy metals that have to be removed prior to agricultural application. ln front of this background several wet-chemical and thermo-chemical processes were developed in the last years and some of them were already successfully demonstrated in large scale. A thermo-chemical approach is presented in this article. Sewage sludge ashes are mixed with dry sewage sludge as reductant and sodium sulfate. Düring thermal treatment in a rotary kiln at approx. 950°C plant available NaCaPCU is formed. Furthermore undesired elements such as As, Cd, Hg and Pb are separated via the gas phase. Results of demonstration trials are presented. T2 - 8. CMM-Tagung 2015 - Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis - Material - Prozesse - Systeme CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 07.10.2015 KW - Klärschlammasche KW - Phoshorrückgewinnung PY - 2015 N1 - Serientitel: Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis – Series title: Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis SP - 251 EP - 262 AN - OPUS4-34859 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröter, Maria-Astrid T1 - How to image vibrating spatial MEMS structures? T2 - Microscopy Conference 2015 CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 2015-09-06 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34317 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphorus Recovery Processes T2 - Strategy Meeting CEA CY - Grenoble, France DA - 2015-07-20 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33775 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Wellhausen, Robert A1 - Herrmann, S A1 - Seitz, H A1 - Meyer, Susann A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Zeman, J. A1 - Uhlig, F A1 - Smiatek, J A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Influence of the Compatible Solute Ectoine on the Local Water Structure: Implications for the Binding of the Protein G5P to DNA N2 - Microorganisms accumulate molar concentrations of compatible solutes like ectoine to prevent proteins from denaturation. Direct structural or spectroscopic information on the mechanism and about the hydration shell around ectoine are scarce. We combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR), confocal Raman spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the local hydration shell around ectoine and its influence on the binding of a gene-S-protein (G5P) to a single-stranded DNA (dT(25)). Due to the very high hygroscopicity of ectoine, it was possible to analyze the highly stable hydration shell by confocal Raman spectroscopy. Corresponding molecular dynamics simulation results revealed a significant change of the water dielectric constant in the presence of a high molar ectoine concentration as compared to pure water. The SPR data showed that the amount of protein bound to DNA decreases in the presence of ectoine, and hence, the protein-DNA dissociation constant increases in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the Raman spectra in terms of the amide I region revealed large changes in the protein secondary structure. Our results indicate that ectoine strongly affects the molecular recognition between the protein and the oligonudeotide, which has important consequences for osmotic regulation mechanisms. KW - Aqueous solution KW - Biological structure KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Organic osmolytes KW - High throughput KW - Gene-5 protein KW - Amino acid KW - Water structure PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09506 SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1089-5647 SN - 1520-5207 VL - 119 IS - 49 SP - 15212 EP - 15220 AN - OPUS4-35800 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Müller, Werner T1 - Kunststoff-Dränelemente - Belastungsgrenzen und Qualitätssicherung beim Einbau in Deponieoberflächenabdichtungssystemen N2 - Bereits auf der letzten Leipziger Deponiefachtagung wurde über die Anforderungen an Kunststoff-Dränelemente berichtet. Vor dem Hintergrund unserer Beiträge in Leipzig und Würzburg (Tagung: Die sichere Deponie) zu diesem Thema, entstand eine intensive Fachdiskussion, u. a. im Fachbeirat der BAM. Hier wurde auch über das Qualitätsmanagement beim Einbau der Produkte auf der Deponiebaustelle diskutiert. Diese verhältnismäßig "empfindlichen" Produkte können nur dann ihre volle Wirkung entfalten, wenn sie sachgemäß behandelt und eingebaut werden. Es wurde daher im Fachbeirat beschlossen, dass dieses Thema in einer Musterverlegeanweisung behandelt werden sollten. Diese wurde im Fachbeirat und in seiner Arbeitsgruppe Geotextilien und Kunststoff-Dränelemente erarbeitet und beschlossen. Auf diese Musterverleganweisung wird im Folgenden eingegangen. Es könnte leicht der Eindruck entstehen, dass Kunststoff-Dränelemente mittlerweile in dem Sinne Stand der Technik sind, dass sie ohne weiteres in allen Bauprojekten eingesetzt werden könnten. Dies ist nicht der Fall. Eine messtechnische Analyse des mechanischen Langzeitverhaltens im Rahmen der Zulassung zeigt die Anwendungsgrenzen jedes Produkts. Das Langzeit-Wasserableitvermögen und die noch zulässigen mechanischen Beanspruchungen müssen bei der Anwendung betrachtet werden. Wir möchten daher unser Konzept zur Beurteilung der Langzeiteigenschaften der Kunststoff-Dränelemente vorstellen und auf die resultierenden Anwendungsgrenzen hinweisen. Der daraus resultierende Umfang der relevanten Produkteigenschaften, die beachtet werden müssen, ist erheblich größer als der bescheidene Umfang, der etwa einer CE-Kennzeichnung zugrunde liegt. Auch auf dieses Thema möchten wir in Kürze eingehen. T2 - 11. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung - Planung, Bau, Betrieb und Schließung von Deponien CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 03.03.2015 PY - 2015 SP - 70 EP - 80 AN - OPUS4-33189 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Stemann, Jan A1 - Holldack, K. A1 - Sekine, R. A1 - Lipiec, E. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Thermal treatment of chromium (III) oxide with carbonates analyzed by far-infrared spectroscopy PY - 2015 SN - 0003-7028 SN - 1943-3530 VL - 69 IS - 10 SP - 1210 EP - 1214 PB - Society for Applied Spectroscopy CY - Frederick, Md. AN - OPUS4-34635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Susann T1 - The damaging effect of low energy electrons on biomolecules and cells: Mechanism of action of compatible solutes T2 - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG) 2015 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2015-03-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33006 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Metal recovery by reductive melting of red mud T2 - Exchange of good practices on metal by-products recovery CY - Brüssel, Belgium DA - 2015-11-12 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34931 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Einsatz der RFA und LIBS zur Düngemittelgewinnung aus Klärschlammaschen T2 - Prozessnahe Röntgenanalytik PRORA 2015 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-11-12 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35060 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Klein-Hartwig, Karin A1 - Rasenko, Tatjana A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - T-2 and HT-2 toxins in oat flakes: development of a certified reference material N2 - Trichothecene mycotoxins, with T-2 and HT-2 toxins being the main representatives of the type A subgroup, are naturally and worldwide occurring contaminants frequently found in grain-based food and feed. Due to the high consumption of these products and the potential health risk associated herewith, concerns about the safety and quality of food and feed have increased over the last decades at both governmental and consumer levels. Since it is not possible to avoid their occurrence, tremendous efforts have been performed to identify and monitor mycotoxins in food and feed to make their consumption safe. However, suitable certified reference materials (CRMs) intended for quality assurance and quality control purposes are still lacking for many mycotoxin-matrix combinations. Therefore, in the framework of a European Reference Material (ERM®) project, the first CRM for T-2 and HT-2 toxin in ground oat flakes (ERM®-BC720) was developed according to the requirements of ISO Guide 35. The whole process of ERM®-BC720 development, including sample preparation, homogeneity and stability studies and value assignment, is presented. The assignment of the certified mass fractions was based upon an in-house study using high-performance liquid chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an interlaboratory comparison study involving 24 expert laboratories was conducted in order to support the in-house certification study. The certified values and their corresponding expanded uncertainties (k=2) for both T-2 and HT-2 toxin in ERM®-BC720, traceable to the international system of units, are (82±4) µg kg-1 and (81±4) µg kg-1, respectively. KW - Type A trichothecenes KW - Fusarium toxins KW - Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry KW - Food analysis KW - European Reference Material KW - Quality assurance PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8251-4 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 11 SP - 2997 EP - 3007 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-33073 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Eicher, N. A1 - Hermann, L. A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Mallon, J. A1 - Schaaf, M. A1 - Stemann, J. T1 - Comparative review of ash processes N2 - This report gives technological information about processes for the recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash including mass- and energy balance, process conditions and product quality. The information in this report aim at giving an overview on different concepts for the recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge ash and are intended to allow a general qualitative comparison between the different technical approaches. This report also describes the technological backgrounds of the processes that were furthermore investigated by life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis. However, most process data stated in this report are site specific data. The LCA/LCC study includes the definition of a common base line for all processes, detailed process modeling and plausibility assessments. Results of the LCA/LCC-studies are reported in deliverables D9.2 und D10.1. PY - 2015 UR - http://p-rex.eu/uploads/media/P-REX_D4_1_Comparative_review_of_ash_processes.pdf SP - 1 EP - 30 AN - OPUS4-34858 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Kraemer, R. A1 - Deglmann, P. A1 - Gaan, S. A1 - Senz, R. T1 - A new molecular understanding of the thermal degradation of PA 66 doped with metal oxides: Experiment and computation N2 - The thermal molecular degradation of polyamide 66 (PA 66) doped with (partially supported) metal oxide particles (Fe2O3, ZnO, Al2O3) was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively using common analysis techniques like thermogravimetry coupled with IR-spectroscopic evolved gas analysis (TGA-FTIR). Using pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), qualitative conclusions were drawn about the complex hydrocarbon products. However, the combination of TGA with solid-phase extraction, followed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS), allows qualitative and even semi-quantitative conclusions about the decomposition pathway of PA 66 in the presence of various metal oxide particles. The investigations under inert conditions showed that the presence of metal particles increases the rate of decarboxylation and deamination reactions, as well as the formation rate of cyclopentanone and pyridine derivatives. These species are a consequence of various condensation reactions. The condensation reactions release a large amount of water, thus triggering the hydrolysis of PA 66. Molecular thermal degradation mechanisms were developed for the main decomposition as well as for the condensation reactions and supported by quantum chemical calculations. The catalytic effect of the metal oxides in PA 66 increases in the following order: PA 66 = PA 66 – Al2O3 < PA 66 – Fe2O3 < PA 66 – ZnO. KW - PA 66 KW - Metal oxide particles KW - Thermal degradation KW - Solid-phase extraction KW - Molecular modeling PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.011 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 120 SP - 340 EP - 356 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - London AN - OPUS4-33806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steckenmesser, D. T1 - Phosphorrecycling mittels einer Kombination aus Niedertemperaturkonvertierung und thermochemischer Nachbehandlung von Klärschlamm T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft (DGB) CY - München, Deutschland DA - 2015-09-05 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34627 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Phosphordünger aus Sekundärrohstoffen - Herausforderungen für die Analytik T2 - Forum des DPP e. V. - Einsatz von Sekundärphosphaten CY - Berlin DA - 2015-10-30 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34765 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hartmann, S. A1 - Shaporin, A. A1 - Hermann, S. A1 - Bonitz, J. A1 - Heggen, M. A1 - Meszmer, P. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Hölck, O. A1 - Blaudeck, T. A1 - Schulz, S. E. A1 - Mehner, J. A1 - Gessner, T. A1 - Wunderle, B. T1 - Towards nanoreliability of CNT-based sensor applications: Investigations of CNT-metal interfaces combining molecular dynamics simulations, advanced in situ experiments and analytics N2 - In this paper we present results of our recent efforts to understand the mechanical interface behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in metal matrices. We conducted experimental pull-out tests of CNTs embedded in Pd or Au and found Maximum forces in the range 10 - 102 nN. These values are in good agreement with forces obtained from molecular Dynamics simulations taking into account surface functional Groups (SFGs) covalently linked to the CNT material. The dominant failure mode in experiment is a CNT rupture, which can be explained with the presence of SFGs. To qualify the existence of SFGs on our used CNT material, we pursue investigations by means of fluorescence labeling of surface species in combination with Raman imaging. We also report of a tensile test system to perform pull-out tests inside a transmission electron microscope to obtain in situ images of CNT-metal interfaces under mechanical loads at the atomic scale. T2 - 2015 16th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 20.4.2015 KW - Carbon nanotube CNT KW - Metal matrix KW - Pull-out test KW - Molecular dynamics simulation KW - Surface functional groups KW - Fluorescence labeling KW - Raman imaging KW - Tensile test inside a TEM PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-4799-9950-7 VL - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-37625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Horizontale Analytik von Sekundärrohstoffen T2 - VDLUFA Herbstsitzung CY - Göttingen, Deutschland DA - 2015-09-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34356 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Integrierte Systeme (RFA und LIBS) zur Düngemottelgewinnung und zum Management der Bodenfruchtbarkeit T2 - 11. Kolloquium AK Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 2015-12-01 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35061 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - P-Recovery Technologies and Products T2 - P-REX workshop CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands DA - 2015-06-11 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34360 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Recovery potential of German sewage sludge ash N2 - Incineration of sewage sludge is expected to increase in the future due to growing concerns about the direct use of sludge in agriculture. Sewage sludge is the pollutant sink of wastewater treatment and thus loaded with contaminants that might pose environmental hazards. Incineration degrades organic pollutants efficiently, but since the ash is currently mostly disposed of, all valuable component like phosphorus (P) and technologically relevant metals present in the sewage sludge ash (SSA) are removed from the economic cycle entirely. We conducted a complete survey of SSA from German mono-incineration facilities and determined the theoretical recovery potential of 57 elements. German SSA contains up to 19,000 t/a P which equals approximately 13% of phosphorus applied in the German agriculture in form of phosphate rock based mineral fertilizers. Thus, SSA is an important secondary resource of P. However, its P-solubility in ammonium citrate solution, an indicator for the bioavailability, is only about 26%. Treatment of SSA is recommended to enhance P bioavailability and remove heavy metals before it is applied as fertilizer. The recovery potential for technologically relevant metals is generally low, but some of these elements might be recovered efficiently in the course of P recovery exploiting synergies. KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Recovery potential KW - Phosphorus KW - Critical raw materials KW - Bioavailability KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Monitoring PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.025 SN - 0956-053X VL - 45 SP - 400 EP - 406 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-34157 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -