TY - JOUR A1 - Lederer, J. A1 - Syc, M. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Quina, M. A1 - Hyks, J. A1 - Huber, F. A1 - Funari, V. A1 - Fellner, J. A1 - Braga, R. A1 - Bontempi, E. A1 - Bogush, A. A1 - Blasenbauer, D. T1 - What waste management can learn from the traditional mining sector: Towards an integrated assessment and reporting of anthropogenic resources N2 - Many organizations in Europe collect data and perform research on municipal solid waste and the secondary raw materials that can be produced from them through recycling, urban mining, or landfill mining.However, the information generated and presented thereby is often highly aggregated, while research activities are many a time isolated. Both reduce the usability of the data and information generated. In order to better structure the knowledge generation on secondary raw materials production from municipal solid waste, we suggest to learn from the traditional raw materials mining Industry how to perform an integrated assessment and reporting of anthropogenic resources. This is exemplarily shown for the case of the anthropogenic resource municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and airpollution control residues. A network of expert institutions from countries throughout Europe was build up to compile the information on legal and technological aspects for the recovery of different secondary raw materials from these residues, including construction minerals, metals, and salts. We highlight in our article the strength of the combined knowledge of an expert network not only on legal and technological, but also local and site-specific aspects of the recovery of secondary raw materials. By doing so, we hope to kick-off a discussion for how to organize and implement a structure for a better management of knowledge on anthropogenic resources, in order to provide a sustainable supply of secondary raw materials for a greener and more circular economy. KW - Waste management KW - Resources KW - Mining PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.054 VL - 113 SP - 154 EP - 156 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Barqawi, Haitham A1 - Chubarenko, B. A1 - Esiukova, E. A1 - Putna-Nimane, I. A1 - Barda, I. A1 - Strode, E. A1 - Purina, I. ED - Köppen, S. ED - Reckermann, M. T1 - EI‐GEO environmental impact of geosynthetics in aquatic systems N2 - EI‐GEO is a multinational research project (Germany, Latvia, Russia) funded under the ERA.Net RUS Plus Call 2017. Aim of the project is the investigation whether geosynthetics in hydraulic engineering applications could be a source of microplastics (MPs) and other contaminants to the aquatic environment causing negative effects to aquatic organisms. Whereas the behavior of geosynthetics in landfill engineering is well studied and documented since decades, little is known on application in applications such as coastal protection or ballast layers for wind energy plants. However, due to the rapid expansion of offshore wind energy, rising water levels and more extreme weather conditions as a result of climate change more and more hydraulic engineering projects will be realized in the future. Applied methods are artificial ageing of geosynthetics in environmental simulation chambers, storage of samples under environmental condition for comparison with laboratory simulation, sample characterization by microscopic methods and ecotoxicological testing of water in contact with geosynthetics. In parallel a case study at the Baltic Sea shore at Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia) will be performed. The aim of study is to estimate the level of pollution of the beaches by geosynthetic debris and identify the possible sources. T2 - 3rd Baltic Earth Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 02.06.2020 KW - Geosynthetics KW - Micro plastic KW - Hydraulic engineering PY - 2020 UR - https://www.baltic-earth.eu/hel2020/material/3rd_BalticEarth_Conference_Proceedings.pdf SN - 2198-4247 SP - 151 EP - 152 PB - International Baltic Earth Secretariat Publications CY - Geesthacht AN - OPUS4-50881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Syc, M. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Hyks, J. A1 - Braga, R. A1 - Biganzoli, L. A1 - Costa, G. A1 - Funari, V. A1 - Grosso, M. T1 - Metal recovery from incineration bottom ash: state-of-the-art and recent developments N2 - Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is one of the leading technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment in Europe. Incineration bottom ash (IBA) is the main solid residue from MSWI, and its annual European production is about 20 million tons. The composition of IBA depends on the composition of the incinerated waste; therefore, it may contain significant amounts of ferrous and non-ferrous (NFe) metals as well as glass that can be recovered. Technologies for NFe metals recovery have emerged in IBA treatment since the 1990s and became common practice in many developed countries. Although the principles and used apparatus are nearly the same in all treatment trains, the differences in technological approaches to recovery of valuable components from IBA – with a special focus on NFe metals recovery – are summarized in this paper. KW - Bottom ash KW - Metal recovery KW - Waste-to-energy KW - Non-ferrous metals KW - Iron scrap PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-504927 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122433 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 393 SP - 122433 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50492 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blasenbauer, D. A1 - Huber, F. A1 - Lederer, J. A1 - Quina, M. A1 - Blanc-Biscarat, D. A1 - Bogush, A. A1 - Bontempi, E. A1 - Blondeau, J. A1 - Chimenos, J. A1 - Dahlbo, H. A1 - Fagerqvist, J. A1 - Giro-Paloma, J. A1 - Hjelmar, O. A1 - Hyks, J. A1 - Keaney, J. A1 - Lupsea-Toader, M. A1 - O’Caollai, C. A1 - Orupõld, K. A1 - Pajak, T. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Svecova, L. A1 - Syc, M. A1 - Uvang, R. A1 - Vaajasaari, K. A1 - van Caneghem, J. A1 - van Zomeren, A. A1 - Vasarevičius, S. A1 - Wégner, K. A1 - Fellner, J. T1 - Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe N2 - Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place. A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances. KW - Bottom ash KW - Leaching tests KW - Utilisation PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-500161 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.031 SN - 0956-053X VL - 102 SP - 868 EP - 883 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50016 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleis, Markus A1 - Gehrmann, Hans-Joachim A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - VDI-Richtlinie 3925 – Anwendung auf zwei Fallbeispiele N2 - Die VDI-Richtlinie 3925 entstand aus Diskussionen und Fragestellungen, die sich aus der Anwendung unterschiedlichster Methoden zur Bewertung verschiedener Verfahrenskonzepten aus dem Bereich der Abfallbehandlung ergeben haben. Je nach nachdem, wo der Focus der vorzunehmenden Bewertung liegt, wird sich die Methodik an diese Ziele anpassen oder - falls es die entsprechende Methodik noch nicht geben sollte - sich die Fragestellung anpassen müssen. T2 - ProcessNet Jahrestreffen CY - Frankfurt/Main DA - 23.02.2016 KW - Wirkungsgrad KW - Exergie KW - Abfallbehandlung KW - Ökobilanz PY - 2016 SP - 25 EP - 26 PB - ProcessNet CY - Frankfurt/Main AN - OPUS4-35506 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf T1 - Reduction of natural resource use by improving resource efficiency N2 - Improving resource efficiency at the end-of-life stage is illustrated in this paper by the example of materials recovery from waste, here from residues out of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). With mechanical treatment valuable materials like ferrous and non-ferrous metals and secondary construction material can be extracted from MSWI bottom ash. The potential contribution on the resource efficiency will be discussed. T2 - 12th International Conference on Ecomaterials CY - Tainan, Taiwan DA - 08.11.2015 KW - secondary raw material KW - resource efficiency KW - raw material equivaltent KW - bottom ash PY - 2015 SP - 5 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-35509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf T1 - Exergetic considerations on the recovery of metals from waste N2 - Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) consists of elemental metals in considerable amounts. The exergy of bottom ash was calculated to be some 100 kJ/mol, mainly as a result of the presence of elemental Fe and Al. From this it can be shown that the recovery of elemental metals Cu, Al and Fe is beneficial. The fine fraction <4 mm additionally contains chemically bound metals (oxides, carbonates, silicates). Separation prospects with techniques as in ore processing (flotation, density separation, bioleaching, hydrothermal solution) are discussed. Although the concentration of Cu compounds in bottom ash is in the range of today’s exploited ores the economic viability of the recovery of metal compounds is uncertain. For sufficient enrichment different concerted treatment steps are required. KW - bioleaching KW - bottom ash KW - cumulative energy consumption KW - cumulative exergy consumption KW - density separation KW - environmental technology KW - exergy KW - flotation KW - recycling technology KW - recovery KW - waste management PY - 2016 UR - http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticletoc.php?jcode=ijex&year=2016&vol=19&issue=3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2016.075668 SN - 1742-8300 SN - 1742-8297 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 352 EP - 363 PB - Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. CY - Olney, UK AN - OPUS4-35646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleis, M. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, Karl J. T1 - Novellierung des BVT-Merkblattes Abfallverbrennung – Sachstand, Entwicklungstendenzen und neue Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Rostaschen und Filterstäuben – N2 - Die europäischen BVT-Merkblätter beschreiben die besten verfügbaren Techniken zum emissionsarmen Betrieb von industriellen Produktionsprozessen, von technischen Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen, von Anlagen zur Erzeugung von Strom und Wärme und zur Behandlung und Verwertung von Abfällen und anderen technischen Prozessen. Die Abfallwirtschaft ist bei den Arbeiten zur Revision der BVT-Merkblätter gleich mit zwei Aktivitäten beteiligt, da sich aktuell sowohl das BVT-Merkblatt Abfallbehandlung als auch das BVT-Merkblatt Abfallverbrennung in der Revision befinden. Das Umweltbundesamt hat die Aufgabe, die Überarbeitung der BVT-Merkblätter national zu koordinieren und an den Arbeiten in Sevilla im EIPPC Büro und bei der Europäischen Kommission fachlich mitzuwirken. Der Beitrag beschreibt die aktuellen Aktivitäten zur Revision des BVT-Merkblattes Abfallverbrennung und Stand des Überarbeitungsprozesses auf europäischer Ebene mit dem inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt bei den zu erwartenden Anforderungen an die Entsorgung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung mit einem Schwerpunkt bei den Siedlungsabfallverbrennungsanlagen. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2016 KW - Rostasche KW - Abfallverbrennung KW - Aufbereitung PY - 2016 UR - http://www.vivis.de/phocadownload/2016_mna/2016_MNA_163-172_Gleis.pdf SN - 978-3-944310-28-2 VL - 3 SP - 163 EP - 172 PB - TK Verlag Karl Thomé-Kozmiensky CY - Nietwerder AN - OPUS4-36622 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Evaluation of waste management processes using VDI guideline 3925 N2 - The standard is intended to offer participants in waste management planning such as authorities, decision makers and planners, including the critical public, the possibility to learn about evaluation methods as planning instruments and place them in the context of planning decisions. The standard should help those who use it to formulate transparent decisions for the application of particular waste treatment and recovery methods in the scope of integrated waste management, thus reaching a documented decision under consideration of the system boundaries and life cycle inventories of the respective methods. T2 - Waste Reduction and Recycling: Challenges and Trends for Source Separation in China and Germany CY - Shanghai, China DA - 07.06.2016 KW - Mass balance KW - Energy balance KW - Life cycle assessment KW - Eco efficiency analysis KW - Exergy PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36623 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Reductive Defluorination and Mechanochemical Decomposition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): From Present Knowledge to Future Remediation Concepts N2 - Over the past two decades, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as worldwide environmental contaminants, calling out for sophisticated treatment, decomposition and remediation strategies. In order to mineralize PFAS pollutants, the incineration of contaminated material is a state-of-the-art process, but more cost-effective and sustainable technologies are inevitable for the future. Within this review, various methods for the reductive defluorination of PFASs were inspected. In addition to this, the role of mechanochemistry is highlighted with regard to its major potential in reductive defluorination reactions and degradation of pollutants. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of the involved reactions, their mechanistic pathways are pointed out. Comparisons between existing PFAS decomposition reactions and reductive approaches are discussed in detail, regarding their applicability in possible remediation processes. This article provides a solid overview of the most recent research methods and offers guidelines for future research directions. KW - PFAS KW - Reductive defluorination KW - Reductive decomposition KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Remediation PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513811 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197242 VL - 17 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-51381 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -